William Lichter, DC F.I.A.M.A.

Neurodiagnostics, Imaging Protocols and Pathology of the Trauma Patient, An in-depth understanding of the protocols in triaging and reporting the clinical findings of the trauma patient. Maintaining ethical relationships with the medical-legal community. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2017

Diagnostics, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation and Triaging the Trauma Patient, An extensive understanding of the injured with clinically coordinating the history, physical findings and when to integrate neurodiagnostics. An understanding on how to utilize emergency room records in creating an accurate diagnosis and the significance of “risk factors” in spinal injury. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY

Crash Dynamics and Its Relationship to Causality, An extensive understanding of the physics involved in the transference of energy from the bullet car to the target car. This includes G's of force, newtons, gravity, energy, skid marks, crumple zones, spring factors, event data recorder and the graphing of the movement of the vehicle before, during and after the crash. Determining the clinical correlation of forces and bodily injury. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', Academy of Chiropractic, Post Doctoral Division

Neurodiagnostic Testing Protocols, Physiology and Indications for the Trauma Patient, Electromyography (EMG), Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV), Somato Sensory Evoked Potential (SSEP), Visual Evoked Potential (VEP), Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAER) and Visual-Electronystagmosgraphy (V-ENG) interpretation, protocols and clinical indications for the trauma patient. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY

MRI, Bone Scan and X-Ray Protocols, Physiology and Indications for the Trauma Patient, MRI interpretation, physiology, history and clinical indications, bone scan interpretation, physiology and clinical indications, x-ray clinical indications for the trauma patient. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY

Documenting Clinically Correlated Bodily Injury to Causality, Understanding the necessity for accurate documentation, diagnosis and clinical correlation to the injury when reporting injuries in the medical-legal community. Documenting the kinesiopathology, myopathology, neuropathology, and pathophysiology in both a functional and structural paradigm. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cartesian System, The Cartesian Coordinate System from the history to the application in the human body. Explanation of the x, y and z axes in both translation and rotations (thetas) and how they are applicable to human biomechanics. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cervical Pathobiomechanics, Spinal biomechanical engineering of the cervical and upper thoracic spine. This includes the normal and pathobiomechanical movement of both the anterior and posterior motor units and normal function and relationship of the intrinsic musculature to those motor units. Nomenclature in reporting normal and pathobiomechanical findings of the spine. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Lumbar Pathobiomechanics, Spinal biomechanical engineering of the lumbar spine. This includes the normal and pathobiomechanical movement of both the anterior and posterior motor units and normal function and relationship of the intrinsic musculature to those motor units. Nomenclature in reporting normal and pathobiomechanical findings of the spine. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY

Spinal Biomechanics in Trauma, To utilize whiplash associated disorders in various vectors of impact and whiplash mechanisms in determining pathobiomechanics. To clinically correlate annular tears, disc herniations, fractures, ligament pathology and spinal segmental instability as sequellae to pathobiomechanics from trauma. The utilization of digital motion x-ray in diagnoising normal versus abnormal facet motion along with case studies to understand the clinical application. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering & Organizational Analysis, Integrating spinal biomechanics and pathobiomechanics through digitized analysis.The comparison of organized versus disorganized compensation with regional and global compensation. Correlation of the vestibular, occular and proprioceptive neurological integration in the righting reflex as evidenced in imaging. Digital and numerical algorithm in analyzing a spine. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cervical Digital Analysis, Digitizing and analyzing the cervical spine in neutral, flexion and extension views to diagnose pathobiomechanics. This includes alteration of motion segment integrity (AMOSI) in both angular and translational movement. Ligament instability/failure/pathology are identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies to analyze pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Lumbar Digital Analysis, Digitalizing and analyzing the lumbar spine images to diagnose pathobiomechanics. This includes anterior and posterior vertebral body elements in rotatioal analysis with neutral, left and right lateral bending in conjunction with gate analysis. Ligament instability/failure/pathology is identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies for analysis of pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm along with corrective guidelines. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Full Spine Digital Analysis, Digitalizing and analyzing the full spine images to diagnose pathobiomechanics as sequellae to trauma in relation to ligamentous failure and disc and vertebral pathology as sequellae. This includes anterior and posterior vertebral body elements in rotatioal analysis with neutral, left and right lateral bending in conjunction with gate analysis. Ligament instability/failure/pathology is identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies for analysis of pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm along with corrective guidelines. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Triage and Connective Tissue Injuries and Wound Repair, Triaging the injured and differentially diagnosing both the primary and secondary complaints. Connective tissue injuries and wound repair morphology focusing on the aberrant tissue replacement and permanency prognosis potential. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Ligament anatomy and injury research and spinal kinematics, Spinal ligamentous anatomy and research focusing on wound repair, future negative sequella of abnormal tissue replacement and the resultant aberrant kinematics and spinal biomechanics of the spine. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Spinal Biomechanics, Central Nervous System and Spinal Disc Nomenclature, The application of Spinal Biomechanical Engineering models in trauma and the negative sequella it has on the central nervous system inclusive of the lateral horn, periaqueductal gray matter, thalamus and cortices involvement. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division Long Island, NY

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Biomechanics of Traumatic Disc Bulge and Age Dating Herniated Disc Pathology, The biomechanics of traumatic disc bulges as sequella from trauma and the comorbidity of ligamentous pathology. Age-dating spinal disc pathology in accordance with Wolff’s Law. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division Long Island, NY

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Clinical Grand Rounds, The review of case histories of mechanical spine pathology and biomechanical failures inclusive of case histories, clinical findings and x-ray and advanced imaging studies. Assessing comorbidities in the triage and prognosis of the injured. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division Long Island, NY

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Research Perspectives, The review of current literature standards in spinal trauma pathology and documentation review of biomechanical failure, ligamentous failure and age-dating disc pathology. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division Long Island, NY

Normal anatomy of axial and sagital views utilizing T1, T2, 3D gradient and STIR sequences of imaging. Standardized and desired protocols in views and sequencing of MRI examination to create an accurate diagnosis in MRI.

MRI interpretation of bulged, herniated, protruded, exruded, sequestered and fragmented disc pathologies in etiology and neurological sequelae in relationship to the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots.

MRI interpretation sequencing of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine inclusive of T1, T2, STIR ad 3D gradient studies to ensure the accurate diagnosis of the region visualized.

The clinical application of the results of space occupying lesions. Disc and tumor pathologies and the clinical indications of manual and adjustive therapies in the patient with spinal nerve root and spinal cord insult as sequelae.

MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images. Clinical indication for the utilization of MRI and pathologies of disc in both trauma and non-trauma sequelae, including bulge, herniation,protrusion, extrusion and sequestration.

MRI slices, views, T1,T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar degeneration. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrae, Schorl's nodes and herniations Central canal and cauda equina compromise interpretation with management

MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar herniations with the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrae, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. Morphology of lumbar disc pathologies of central and lateral herniations, protrusions, extrusions, sequestration, focal and broad based herniations are defined and illustrated. Central canal and cauda equina compromise interpretation with management.

MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of cervical degeneration with the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. Spinal cord and canal compromise interpretation with management.

MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of cervical degeneration. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations, morphology of cervical disc pathologies of central and lateral herniations, protrusions, extrusions, sequestration, focal and broad based herniations are defined and illustrated. Spinal cord and canal compromise interpretation with management.

MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of degenerative spondylolisthesis, spinal canal stenosis, Modic type 3 changes, central herniations, extrusions, compressions, nerve root compressions, advanced spurring and thecal sac involvement from an orthopedic, emergency room, chiropractic, neurological, neurosurgical and physical medicine perspective. complications

Common spinal and extra spinal musculoskeletal conditions and appropriate acupuncture protocols to address them. Dry needling technique and theory as practiced in physical therapy and allopathic medicine

MRI, Bone Scan and X-Ray Protocols, Physiology and Indications for the Trauma Patient, MRI interpretation, physiology, history and clinical indications, bone scan interpretation, physiology and clinical indications, x-ray clinical indications for the trauma patient. PACE Recognized by The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards', Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2017

Assessment and treatment protocols utilizing spinal decompression therapy and core stabilization rehabilitation for disorders of the cervical and lumbar spine

An accident reconstruction primer, history taking, physical examination, radiological examination, CT examination, MRI examination, special diagnostic imaging, electrodiagnostics, diagnosis/impression, soft tissue healing, treatment plan design, activities of daily living, chiropractic manipulation, deep tissue massage, physical tehrapy, modalities, drug use and invasive procedures

Basic and special concepts of biomechanics, grading systems and impairment scales, epidemiology of whiplash, brain, neck and cervical spine trauma mechanisms, soft tissue injuries, common syndromes, conditions affecting muscles, pain syndromes,risk and forensic risk analysis.

Participated as a research assistant in live crash testing utilizing human volunteers as well as crash test dummies researching the biomechanics, traumatology, engineering and epidemiology of LOSRIC (Low Speed Rear Impact Collisions).

Epidemiology, biomechanics, engineering, physical examination, diagnostic testing, treatment protocols, documentation, prognosticating and medico-legal issues in WAD (Whiplash Associated Disorders).

Laws, Rules and examination and treatment protocols related to treating injured workers under the Workers Compensation Law in the State of Florida

Methods and process of applying an impairment rating to an injured patient under the AMA Guides.

100 hour program on the diagnosis, treatment and management of sports related injuries.