Robert Blake DC, DAAMLP
275 S. Houcks Rd., Harrisburg, PA, 17109
Phone: 717-657-2561
Cell: 717-884-5770
Fax: 717-657-8217
1901bob@gmail.com
http://blakechiropracticrehab.com

SELECTED OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY

Facility Director/Owner, Blake Chiropractic & Rehab, Inc., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 1983 - Present

EDUCATION AND LICENSURE

Doctor of Chiropractic, Licensed in the State of Pennsylvania, License # 002487, 1982 – Present

Residency, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, Iowa, 1982 - 1983

Diplomate in American Academy of Medical-Legal Professionals, Academy of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2010

Doctorate of Chiropractic, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, Iowa, 1982

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part 3, 1982

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part 2, 1982

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part 1, 1982

Undergraduate Studies in Science/Biology, Huntington College, Huntington, Indiana, 1975 - 1979

SELECTED POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION, CERTIFICATIONS AND DIPLOMATES

Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Overview:  This section is an in-depth overview of traumatic brain injury in concussion. It discusses that all brain injuries are traumatic and dispels the myth of a “mild traumatic brain injury.” Also, this covers triage protocols and the potential sequela of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Head Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury Part 1: This section discusses gross traumatic brain injuries from trauma and significant bleeding with both epidural and subdural hematomas. There are numerous case studies reviewed inclusive of neurosurgical intervention and postsurgical outcomes. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Head Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury Part 2: This section continues with multiple case studies of gross traumatic brain injuries from trauma requiring neurosurgical intervention and also discusses recovery sequela based upon the significance of brain trauma. This module also concludes with concussion protocols in traumatic brain injury short of demonstrable bleeding on advanced imaging. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Concussion And Electroencephalogram Testing: This this section covers concussion etiology and cognitive sequela where gross bleeding has not been identified on advanced imaging. It discusses the significance of electroencephalogram testing in determining brain function and pathology (if present). This module also covers the understanding of waveforms in electroencephalogram testing in both normal and abnormal scenarios. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Concussion And Electroencephalogram Testing Pathological Results: This module covers amplitude, conduction and conduction delays as sequela to traumatic brain injury to diagnose concussion and traumatic brain injury in the absence of gross bleeding and advanced imaging. This section covers electroencephalograms and event-related potentials which measures the brain response that is a direct result of specific sensory or motor events. It is a stereotype electrophysiological response to a stimulus and provides a noninvasive means of evaluating brain function. In this module multiple case studies are discussed with ensuing triage protocols pending the results. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Chiropractic as the First Option for Spine, A Literature-Based Standard, Utilizing clinical findings in conjunction with advanced imaging and electrodiagnostic findings in managing collaborative relationships with medical specialists. Applying a literature standard to care to ensure conservative care as the first option. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Chiropractic as the First Option for Spine, A Literature-Based Standard, Managing spinal related cases based upon MRI findings of herniations, bulges, protrusion, extrusions (comminuted and fragmented) utilizing thin-sliced acquisition protocols. When to consider ordering T1, T2, Short Tau Inversion Radiant, proton density and Dixon sequencing for spinal related pathology. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Chiropractic as the First Option for Spine, A Literature-Based Standard, Creating literature-based documentation inclusive of history and a clinical examination that encompasses causality, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plans. Ensuring the whole person impairment ratings are consistent with contemporary literature. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Chiropractic as the First Option for Spine, A Literature-Based Standard, Spinal biomechanical engineering models related to pathobiomechanics and literature-based standards in creating an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan. Determining impairment ratings based upon alteration of motion segment integrity utilizing motion-imaging, and creating demonstrable evidence for continued treatment plans. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Trends in Spinal Treatment, Migration of spinal care for mechanical spine issues from hospitals and medical specialists to trauma qualified chiropractors based upon published outcomes. Utilizing imaging studies in spinal biomechanics, pain models and clinical outcomes to determine a conclusive diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan for triaging in a collaborative environment.  Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Neurology of Spinal Biomechanics, Understanding the normal of spinal biomechanics and the neurotransmitters required for homeostasis. The interconnected role of Pacinian Corpuscles, Ruffini Corpuscles, Golgi Organ Receptors, Nociceptors, Proprioreceptors and Mechancoreceptors in maintaining sagittal and axial alignment in the presence of mechanical pathology. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

MRI Age-Dating of Herniated Discs, The literature, academic and clinical standards to age-date herniated discs. The clinical correlation the pain patters with advanced imaging finings of bone edema, spurs based upon the Piezoelectric effect of remodeling, high signal on T2 weighted images, Vacuum Discs and disc heights in determining the time frames of the etiology of the spinal disc pathology. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Creating Ethical Collaborative and Medical-Legal Relationships, Understanding the timely triage necessities based upon clinical and imaging outcomes and the documentation required for collaborative physicians to continue care. Ensuring that the documentation is complete, reflective of services rendered and clear for third party consideration in an admissible format to considered in a medical-legal environment. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Central Innervation of Spinal Biomecinacal Engineering, Understanding the lateral and ventral horn’s innovations of Pacinian Corpuscles, Ruffini Corpuscles, Golgi Organ Receptors, Nociceptors, Proprioreceptors and Mechancoreceptors and the pathways through the spinal thalamic tracts through the periaqueductal region, the Thalamus into the Occipital, pre-frontal, sensory and motor cortexes and the efferently back through the Thalamus to disparate regions in creating spinal homeostasis, Pacinian Corpuscles, Ruffini Corpuscles, Golgi Organ Receptors, Nociceptors, Proprioreceptors and Mechancoreceptors. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Identifying Spinal Pathology of MRI, Utilizing T1, T2, STIR and Gradient studies in determining myelomalacia, intra and extra-dural tumors and systemic disease patterns affecting the spinal cord. When to use contrast post-operatively in identifying discal structures vs. adhesions on postoperative advanced imaging. MRI Interpretation of herniated, circumferential bulges, focal bulges, protruded, extruded, comminuted, sequestered and fragmented discs. When to consider a neurosurgical consultation based upon the correlation of imaging and clinical findings. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Computerized Mensuration of Spinal Biomechanical Pathology, Understanding the algorithmic interpretation of spinal biomechanical pathology in a 3-D model and creating treatment plans, impairment ratings and teaching models based upon the vertebral motor unit angles. Determining sagittal and axial alignments in creating a normative baseline for treatment goals and outcomes. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Neurosurgical-Chiropractic Collaboration on Spinal Pathology, Utilizing x-ray, MRI and other modalities of advanced imaging in conjunction with spinal biomechanical failure and clinical evaluation to collaboratively create treatment protocols for patients in both the operative and non-operative cases. Determining the boundaries of scope of care for both the chiropractor and neurosurgeon based upon a definitive diagnosis of the mechanical vs. an anatomical lesion. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Documentation and Ethics in Medical-Legal Relationships, Creating ethical relationships based upon accurate documentation reflective of the casually related condition of the injured. Ensuring accepted credentials of the doctor based upon Voir Dire standards reflected in an admissible curriculum vitae. How to present demonstrative documentation in the courts reflective of the patient’s pathology. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Coding, Documentation and Compliant Coding, Ensuring the correct codes are utilized in an evaluation and management encounter. The correct elements are utilized to support the level of E&M coded along with a self-audit program to ensure ethical billing occurs. Guidelines for history of present illness, primary complaint, review of systems, family, social and past histories are discussed and how to document the same. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Connective Tissue Pathology, Spinal Biomechanics as Sequella to Trauma, MRI Spine Interpretation, Ordering Protocols & Triaging the Injure, The latest research on the 6 ways to age-date disc herniations and bulges from trauma inclusive of disc pathology nomenclature. MRI ordering protocols, inclusive of Dixon format and fat-suppressed images. The neurology and pathology of connective tissue and the sequella of trauma at the biomechanical level leading to bio-neuro-mechanical failure. Contemporary "evidenced-based building blocks" for triaging and in a collaborative environment. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Digitizing, integrating automated mensuration into creating treatment plans and determining maximum medical improvement. A literature-based study of normal vs. abnormal motor until function. Determining ligamentous laxity, alteration of motion segment integrity and pathological stress units and whole person impairments based upon the literature and academic standards, Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Science of the Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment and Vertebral Subluxation, The literature-based definitions of both the mechanisms the chiropractic adjustment and how it affects the central nervous system in pain pathways and systemic issues that is the arbiter for normal vs. abnormal function. The "physiological mechanisms" of how the chiropractic spinal adjustment affects the peripheral and central nervous systems. Subluxation degeneration/Wolff's Law will be detailed from a literature perspective combined with the mechanism of subluxation (bio-neuro-mechanical lesion). A literature perspective why "long-term" chiropractic care is clinically indicated as usual and customary to effectuate demonstrable biomechanical changes in the spine. An evidenced-based perspective of why physical therapy is a poor choice for spine as a 1st referral option for any provider inclusive of the literature. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Documentation, Collaboration, and Primary Spine Care, An academic basis for documentation that is usual and customary across professions in collaborative care. Maintaining ethical medical-legal relationships based upon Voir Dire and Duabert standards with ensuring a "4-corners" inclusive report. Ensuring Primary Care Status based upon an academic standards. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Documentation of the Trauma and Non-Trauma Case, Documenting primary and associated complaints, past history, allergies, medications, review of systems, previous treatment, family-social medical histories, previous tests and results, history or previous injuries and illnesses, on the job questionnaire, auto accident questionnaire, vital examination, neurological examination, orthopedic testing, test orders, prognosis and treatment plans. A detailed review of current CPT coding requirements for the proper documentation of E/M visits to properly code for billable patient services.  Focused attention was paid to the performance of comprehensive patient history, physical examination, review of systems as well as determining the level of clinical decision making.  Analysis of a properly organized E/M report was reviewed to demonstrate proper organization and language use. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2018

 

Interprofessional Reporting and Case Documentation, analysis of case flow, patient chart organization and EMR workflows to optimize the success and satisfaction of the patient encounter, feasibility of accurate and timely documentation as well as strategies to provide timely interprofessional clinical communication.  Focus was provided on patient, primary care and medical specialty communication beginning at the initial visitation all the way through to the release from care. An internal compliance review to ensure complete documentation based upon the E/M level billed. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2018

 

Documenting Trauma and Non-Trauma Cases & Triaging Disc Pathology, Triage, care and collaboration for herniated, bulged, protruded, extruded and fragmented spinal discs. Compliant documentation of evaluation and management of new and established patients inclusive of chief complaint, history of present illness, review of systems, past-family-social histories with case management protocols and the required elements. Clinically coordinating treatment with subjective complaints, clinical findings and diagnosis for each encounter. Cleveland University-Kansas City Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Neurology of Ligament Pathology- Normal Morphology and Tissue Damage, Connective tissue morphology, embryology and wound repair as sequalae to trauma. Full components of strain-sprain models and permanency implications with wound repair and osseous aberration with aberrant structural integrity. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018  

Neurology of Ligament Pathology- Spinal Biomechanics and Disc Pathology, Disc pathology as sequella to trauma; herniation, extrusion, protrusion, sequestration and how the spinal unit as one system creates homeostasis to balance the pathology. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018  

Neurology of Ligament Pathology- Neurological Innervation, The peripheral and central innervation of the disc and spinal ligaments of the dorsal root ganglion, spinal thalamic tracts, periaqueductal gray areas innervating the Thalamus and multiple regions of the brain. The efferent neurological distribution to disparate areas of the spine to create homeostatis until tetanus ensues creating osseous changes under the effect of Wolff's Law. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018  

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Legal Testimony, Report writing for legal cases, the 4 corners of a narrative and documenting damages with understanding defense medical documentation and consistent reporting of bodily injuries. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Legal Testimony, Part 2, Understanding report writing and the types of medical reports required for court inclusive of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plans with requirements of reporting causality and permanency. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Direct Testimony, Organizing your documentation and understanindg all collaborative documentation and how it fits into your diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan, Understanding the nuances of the functional losses of your patients related to their bodily injuries, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division.  Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Direct Testimony Part 2, Utilizing demonstrative documentation in direct examination and communicating the results of your care concurrently with the written documentation and reporting an accurate diagnosis for all images. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Direct Testimony Part 3, The evaluation, interpretation and reporting of collaborative medical specialists results and concluding an accurate diagnosis inclusive of all findings and reviewing all images to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Direct Testimony Part 4, Determininig and documenting disabilities and impairments inclusive of loss of enjoyment of life and duties under duress and the evaluation and validation of pain and suffering. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Cross Examination Testimony, Reporting your documentation factually and staying within the 4 corners of your medical report and scope of practice inclusive of understanding how your credentials allow you to report your documentation. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, A Documentation Relationship Between the Doctor and Lawyer, The level of organization required in a medical-legal case that accurately reflects the bodily injuries of your patients and the time constraints in rendering an accurate report. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Report Writing and Preparing for a Legal Case, Reviewing the facts of the case inclusive of your documentation, the defense medical examiner, medical specialists and the attorney to ensure accurate and consistent reporting. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Report Writing and Preparing for a Legal Case, Creating demonstrative evidence, visuals of your patient's bodily injuries inclusive of x-rays, MRI's, CAT Scans and electrodiagnostic findings, the spinal biomechanics of herniated disc with ipsilateral findings and contralateral symptomatology.  Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Triaging the Trauma and Non-Trauma Patients, Correlating clinical findings and the patient history in determining the correct course of care in triaging the patient utilizing orthopedic and neurological evaluations in the clinical setting. Understanding the parameters for immediate referrals vs. following the continuum of care to determine the necessity for referrals. Texas Chiropractic College,Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division,Long Island, NY, 2018

Primary Spine Care 2: Spinal Trauma Pathology, Morphology of healthy and traumatized connective tissue and the permanency implication of adhesions, spinal disc morphology in the healthy and pathological patient as sequella to trauma in relationship to bulges, herniations, protrusions, extrusions and sequestrations. Aberrant spinal biomechanics and negative sequella to trauma. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Setauket NY, 2018

Primary Spine Care 2: Utilizing Research in Trauma, The ability of your electronic health records to convey tissue pathology while documenting case studies, field experiments, randomized trials and systematic literature reviews, Introducing evidence based macros in documentation to support the literature and necessity of care. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Setauket NY, 2018

Primary Spine Care 2: Chiropractic Evidence, Analyzing segmental pathology, adjusting vs. mobilization with cervicogenic headaches, Opioid alternatives and case management of mechanical spine pain based upon outcome studies. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Setauket NY, 2018

Primary Spine Care 2: Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment Central Nervous System Processing, Literature reviews of mechanoreceptor, proprioceptor and nociceptor stimulation of later horn gray matter with periaqueductal stimulation affecting the thalamus and cortical regions with efferent distribution in disparate regions of the body in both pain and systemic stimulation. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Setauket NY, 2018

Interprofessional Hospital Based Spine Care, Trends in hospital and emergent care in the healthcare delivery system inclusive of policies, hospital staffing and current care paths for mechanical spine issues. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Evidenced Based Care in a Collaborative Setting; Primary Spine Care 5, A literature based model for collaborating with hospitals, medical primary care providers and specialists. Reviewing the documentation requirements to communicate the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plans with medical entities and having the evidence as a basis for those recommendations. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2018

Current Literature Standards of MRI Spine Interpretation; Primary Spine Care 5,  MRI Spine Interpretation of the spine. How to triage a trauma and non-trauma with advanced imaging and document the necessity. We will also cover the basics of MRI Spine Interpretation inclusive of all types of herniations, bulges, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2018

Spine Brain Connection in Pain Pathways; Primary Spine Care 5, MRI Spine The spine-brain connection in managing chronic pain patients. Understanding how chronic pain negatively effects brain morphology and potential pathology as sequella. The role of chiropractic in preventing the loss of gray matter and the most recent evidence as outlined in indexed peer reviewed literature over the last 10 years verifying chiropractic’s role. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Bio-Neuro-Mechanical Mechanism of the Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment; Primary Spine Care 5, The biological, neurological and mechanical mechanisms and pathways from the thrust to the dorsal horn and brain connection and how the brain processes the chiropractic spinal adjustment based upon the literature. Care paths of chiropractic and physical therapy from an outcome basis, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2018

Stroke Anatomy and Physiology: Brain Vascular Anatomy, The anatomy and physiology of the brain and how blood perfusion effects brain function. A detailed analysis of the blood supply to the brain and the physiology of ischemia. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Stroke Anatomy and Physiology: Stroke Types and Blood Flow, Various types of stroke identifying ischemia, hypoperfusion, infarct and penumbra zones and emboli. Cardiac etiologies and clinical features as precursor to stroke with associated paradoxical emboli and thrombotic etiologies. Historical and co-morbidities that have etiology instroke inclusive of diabetes, coagulopathy, acquired and hereditary deficiencies. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Stroke Principles of Treatment an Overview for the Primary Care Provider, Stroke type and treatments performed by vascular specialists. The goals of treatment with the physiology of the infarct and penumbra zones and the role of immediate triage in the primary care setting. Detailing the complications of stroke and future care in the chiropractic, primary care or manual medicine clinical setting. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Clinical Evaluation and Protocols for Identifying Stroke Risk, The neurological history and examination for identifying stroke risks with a focus on supra and infratentorial regions, upper and lower motor lesions, cranial nerve signs, spinal cord pathology, motor and sensory pathology and gait abnormalities. Examining genetic and family histories along with dissection risk factors. Stroke orthopedic testing and clinical guidelines pertaining to triage for the primary care provider. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Orthopedic Testing: Principles, Clinical Application and Triage, Integration of orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Orthopedic Testing: Cervical Spine, Integration of cervical orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Orthopedic Testing: Cervical Spine, Integration of cervical orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Orthopedic Testing: Lumbar Spine, Integration of lumbar orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Orthopedic Testing: Clinical Grand Rounds, how to integrate orthopedic testing in the clinical setting utilizing both simple and complex patient scenarios. It includes potential stroke, or vertebrobasilar insufficient patients and understanding the nuances in a clinical evaluation with orthopedic testing as a critical part of the evaluation and screening process. How to integrate orthopedic testing in the clinical setting utilizing both simple and complex patient scenarios. It includes potential stroke, or vertebrobasilar insufficient patients and understanding the nuances in a clinical evaluation with orthopedic testing as a critical part of the evaluation and screening process. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Medical-Legal-Insurance Documentation, Accurate and compliant documentation of history and clinical findings inclusive of functional losses, loss of activities of daily living, duties under duress and permanent loss of enjoyment of life. Prognosing static vs. stable care, gaps in care both in the onset and in the middle of passive care with a focus on detailed diagnosing. The integration of chiropractic academia, the court system and the insurance reimburser’s requirements for complete documentation. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion, Differentially diagnosing mild traumatic brain injury vs. traumatic brain injury and the clinical and imaging protocols required to conclude an accurate diagnosis for head traumaTexas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Impairment Rating, The understanding and utilization of the protocols and parameters of the AMA Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment 6th Edition. Spine, neurological sequelae, migraine, sexual dysfunction, sleep and arousal disorders, station and gait disorders and consciousness are detailed for impairment rating. Herniated discs, radiculopathy, fracture, dislocation and functional loss are also detailed in relation to impairment ratings. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018 Accident Reconstruction: Terms, Concepts and Definitions, The forces in physics that prevail in accidents to cause bodily injury. Quantifying the force coefficients of vehicle mass and force vectors that can be translated to the occupant and subsequently cause serious injury. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Accident Reconstruction: Causality, Bodily Injury, Negative Acceleration Forces, Crumple Zones and Critical Documentation, Factors that cause negative acceleration to zero and the subsequent forces created for the vehicle that get translated to the occupant. Understanding critical documentation of hospitals, ambulance reports, doctors and the legal profession in reconstructing an accident. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Accident Reconstruction: Skid Marks, Time, Distance, Velocity, Speed Formulas and Road Surfaces, The mathematical calculations necessary utilizing time, distance, speed, coefficients of friction and acceleration in reconstructing an accident. The application of the critical documentation acquired from an accident site. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Accident Reconstruction: Research, Causality and Bodily Injury, Delta V issues correlated to injury and mortality, side impact crashes and severity of injuries, event data recorder reports correlated to injury, frontal impact kinematics, crash injury metrics with many variables and inquiries related to head restraints.Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018 Spinal Trauma Pathology, Triage and Connective Tissue Injuries and Wound Repair, Triaging the injured and differentially diagnosing both the primary and secondary complaints. Connective tissue injuries and wound repair morphology focusing on the aberrant tissue replacement and permanency prognosis potential. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2017

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Ligament Anatomy and Injury Research and Spinal Kinematics, Spinal ligamentous anatomy and research focusing on wound repair, future negative sequelae of abnormal tissue replacement and the resultant aberrant kinematics and spinal biomechanics of the spine. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2017

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Spinal Biomechanics, Central Nervous System and Spinal Disc Nomenclature, The application of spinal biomechanical engineering models in trauma and the negative sequelae it has on the central nervous system inclusive of the lateral horn, periaqueductal grey matter, thalamus and cortices involvement. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2017

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Biomechanics of Traumatic Disc Bulge and Age Dating Herniated Disc Pathology, The biomechanics of traumatic disc bulges as sequelae from trauma and the comorbidity of ligamentous pathology. Age-dating spinal disc pathology in accordance with Wolff’s Law. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2017

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Clinical Grand Rounds, The review of case histories of mechanical spine pathology and biomechanical failures inclusive of case histories, clinical findings and x-ray and advanced imaging studies. Assessing comorbidities in the triage and prognosis of the injured. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2017

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Research Perspectives, The review of current literature standards in spinal trauma pathology and documentation review of biomechanical failure, ligamentous failure and age-dating disc pathology. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2017

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cartesian System, The Cartesian Coordinate System from the history to the application in the human body. Explanation of the x, y and z axes in both translation and rotations (thetas) and how they are applicable to human biomechanics. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cervical Pathobiomechanics, Spinal biomechanical engineering of the cervical and upper thoracic spine. This includes the normal and pathobiomechanical movement of both the anterior and posterior motor units and normal function and relationship of the intrinsic musculature to those motor units. Nomenclature in reporting normal and pathobiomechanical findings of the spine. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Lumbar Pathobiomechanics, Spinal biomechanical engineering of the lumbar spine. This includes the normal and pathobiomechanical movement of both the anterior and posterior motor units and normal function and relationship of the intrinsic musculature to those motor units. Nomenclature in reporting normal and pathobiomechanical findings of the spine. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

Spinal Biomechanics in Trauma, To utilize whiplash associated disorders in various vectors of impact and whiplash mechanisms in determining pathobiomechanics. To clinically correlate annular tears, disc herniations, fractures, ligament pathology and spinal segmental instability as sequellae to pathobiomechanics from trauma. The utilization of digital motion x-ray in diagnoising normal versus abnormal facet motion along with case studies to understand the clinical application. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering & Organizational Analysis, Integrating spinal biomechanics and pathobiomechanics through digitized analysis.The comparison of organized versus disorganized compensation with regional and global compensation. Correlation of the vestibular, occular and proprioceptive neurological integration in the righting reflex as evidenced in imaging. Digital and numerical algorithm in analyzing a spine. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cervical Digital Analysis, Digitizing and analyzing the cervical spine in neutral, flexion and extension views to diagnose pathobiomechanics. This includes alteration of motion segment integrity (AMOSI) in both angular and translational movement. Ligament instability/failure/pathology are identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies to analyze pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Lumbar Digital Analysis, Digitalizing and analyzing the lumbar spine images to diagnose pathobiomechanics. This includes anterior and posterior vertebral body elements in rotatioal analysis with neutral, left and right lateral bending in conjunction with gate analysis. Ligament instability/failure/pathology is identified all using numerical values and models.  Review of case studies for analysis of pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm along with corrective guidelines. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Full Spine Digital Analysis, Digitalizing and analyzing the full spine images to diagnose pathobiomechanics as sequellae to trauma in relation to ligamentous failure and disc and vertebral pathology as sequellae. This includes anterior and posterior vertebral body elements in rotatioal analysis with neutral, left and right lateral bending in conjunction with gate analysis. Ligament instability/failure/pathology is identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies for analysis of pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm along with corrective guidelines. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Spine Interpretation and Spinal Biomechanics, Bulging, herniated, protruded and extruded disc contemporary nomenclature, analysis and differential diagnosis. Connective tissue physiology and pathology with aberrant biomechanical permanent sequalae, Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Melville NY, 2017

Contemporary Literature in Spinal Biomechanics, Normal vs. pathological biomechanical spinal motion both in a single motor unit and coupling actions. Interdisciplinary approach to mechanical spine issues and evidenced based care paths, Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Melville NY, 2017

Documentation of Spinal Trauma, Interdisciplinary approaches in documentation of spinal related injuries inclusive of connective tissue disorders and biomechanical failure. Clinically correlating history, imaging, advanced imaging and clinical findings to conclude an accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan, Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Melville NY, 2017

Contemporary Literature of the Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment, The bio-neuro-mechanical scientific foundation of spinal lesion and the neurological pathways, both in the lower and upper motor neuron pathways. The autonomic sequella of the vertebral subluxation and the effects of the correction and maintenance of those lesions, Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Melville NY, 2017

Evidence Based Spine Care: Epidemiology of spine care, the opioid epidemic and spinal manipulation for pain management.  Functional neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of pain perception, including descending modulation of pain in the central nervous system.  Review of specific research outlining spinal manipulations influence on the central nervous system in the spine pain patient.  Clinical assessment and interprofessional communications relating to the diagnosis and management of the mechanical spine pain patient.  Academy of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic, Recognized by the PACE Program of the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Baltimore, Maryland, 2017

Evidence Based Spine Care:  Spinal biomechanics and response to trauma. Detailed review of spinal instability, mechanical spine trauma and global spinal biomechanical balance.  The influence of spinal sagittal curvature, pelvic incidence, sacral slope and pelvic tilt on conservative and surgical care outcomes. Clinical correlation with radiographic and advanced imaging findings specific to the spine pain patient. Academy of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic, Recognized by the PACE Program of the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Baltimore, Maryland, 2017

Evidence Based Spine Care:  Coordination of care and clinical documentation associated with interprofessional communication.  Focus on the safety of chiropractic management of the spine pain patient and review of research related to specific phases of care, acute intervention, corrective care and health maintenance care were reviewed.  Documentation and workflows related to an interprofessional team approach focusing on compliance and delivery in the modern practice environment.  Academy of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic, Recognized by the PACE Program of the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Baltimore, Maryland, 2017

Neurodiagnostics, Imaging Protocols and Pathology of the Trauma Patient, An in-depth understanding of the protocols in triaging and reporting the clinical findings of the trauma patient. Maintaining ethical relationships with the medical-legal community. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2017

Diagnostics, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation and Triaging the Trauma Patient, An extensive understanding of the injured with clinically coordinating the history, physical findings and when to integrate neurodiagnostics. An understanding on how to utilize emergency room records in creating an accurate diagnosis and the significance of “risk factors” in spinal injury. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2017

Crash Dynamics and Its Relationship to Causality, An extensive understanding of the physics involved in the transference of energy from the bullet car to the target car. This includes G's of force, newtons, gravity, energy, skid marks, crumple zones, spring factors, event data recorder and the graphing of the movement of the vehicle before, during and after the crash. Determining the clinical correlation of forces and bodily injury. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2017

MRI, Bone Scan and X-Ray Protocols, Physiology and Indications for the Trauma Patient, MRI interpretation, physiology, history and clinical indications, bone scan interpretation, physiology and clinical indications, x-ray clinical indications for the trauma patient. Texas Chiropractic College,Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2017

Neurodiagnostic Testing Protocols, Physiology and Indications for the Trauma Patient, Electromyography (EMG), Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV), Somato Sensory Evoked Potential (SSEP), Visual Evoked Potential (VEP), Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAER) and Visual-Electronystagmosgraphy (V-ENG) interpretation, protocols and clinical indications for the trauma patient. Texas Chiropractic College,Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2017

Documentation and Reporting for the Trauma Victim, Understanding the necessity for accurate documentation and diagnosis utilizing the ICD-9 and the CPT to accurately describe the injury through diagnosis. Understanding and utilizing state regulations on reimbursement issues pertaining to healthcare. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2017

Documenting Clinically Correlated Bodily Injury to Causality, Understanding the necessity for accurate documentation, diagnosis and clinical correlation to the injury when reporting injuries in the medical-legal community. Documenting the kinesiopathology, myopathology, neuropathology, and pathophysiology in both a functional and structural paradigm. Texas Chiropractic College,Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2017

MRI History and Physics, Magnetic fields, T1 and T2 relaxations, nuclear spins, phase encoding, spin echo, T1 and T2 contrast, magnetic properties of metals and the historical perspective of the creation of NMR and MRI. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Spinal Anatomy and Protocols, Normal anatomy of axial and sagittal views utilizing T1, T2, 3D gradient and STIR sequences of imaging. Standardized and desired protocols in views and sequencing of MRI examination to create an accurate diagnosis in MRI. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Disc Pathology and Spinal Stenosis, MRI interpretation of bulged, herniated, protruded, extruded, sequestered and fragmented disc pathologies in etiology and neurological sequelae in relationship to the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Spinal Pathology, MRI interpretation of bone, intradural, extradural, cord and neural sleeve lesions. Tuberculosis, drop lesions, metastasis, ependymoma, schwanoma and numerous other spinal related tumors and lesions. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Methodology of Analysis, MRI interpretation sequencing of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine inclusive of T1, T2, STIR and 3D gradient studies to ensure the accurate diagnosis of the region visualized.  Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Clinical Application, The clinical application of the results of space occupying lesions. Disc and tumor pathologies and the clinical indications of manual and adjustive therapies in the patient with spinal nerve root and spinal cord insult as sequelae. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Protocols Clinical Necessity, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images. Clinical indication for the utilization of MRI and pathologies of disc in both trauma and non-trauma sequellae, including bulge, herniation, protrusion, extrusion and sequestration. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Interpretation of Lumbar Degeneration/Bulges, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar degeneration. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. Central canal and cauda equina compromise interpretation with management. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Interpretation of Lumbar Herniations, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar herniations. With the co-morbities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. Morphology of lumbar disc pathologies of central and lateral herniations, protrusions, extrusions, sequestration, focal and broad based herniations are defined and illustrated. Central canal and cauda equina compromise interpretation with management. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Interpretation of Cervical Degeneration/Bulges, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of cervical degeneration. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. Spinal cord and canal compromise interpretation with management. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Interpretation of Cervical Herniations, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR Axial, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar herniations. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. morphology of lumbar disc pathologies of central and lateral herniations, protrusions, extrusions, sequestration, focal and broad based herniations are defined and illustrated. Spinal cord and canal compromise interpretation with management.  Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

MRI Interpretation of Degenerative Spine and Disc Disease with Overlapping Traumatic Insult to Both Spine and Disc, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR Axial, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of degenerative spondylolesthesis, spinal canal stenosis, Modic type 3 changes, central herniations, extrusions, compressions, nerve root compressions, advanced spurring and thecal sac involvement from an orthopedic, emergency room, chiropractic, neurological, neurosurgical, physical medicine perspective.  Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2017

Primary Spine Care Symposium – Interprofessional Spine Care, Clinical analysis of anatomic versus biomechanical spine pain and clinical triage protocols.  Relating current research trends in the Whole Spine Model of patient including normal versus abnormal sagittal curvature in the adolescent and adult spine, pelvic incidence as a parameter for sagittal balance in the human spine and current methods of assessment. Patient centered approach to Evidenced Based Spine care with a focus on diagnosis, prognosis and triage of the spine pain patient, Texas Chiropractic College Post-Doctoral Division, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Melville NY 2017

Primary Spine Care Symposium – Epidemiology of Spine Pain, Review of the current Centers for Disease Control [CDC} data on the frequency of musculoskeletal pain in the United States population with emphasis on pain of spinal origin.  CDC guidelines on opioid medication were discussed and correlated to persistent pain syndromes.  Research was reviewed showing the importance of managing the spine pain patient properly from the entry point of care with a concentration on maintenance of spinal biomechanics, Texas Chiropractic College Post-Doctoral Division, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Melville NY 2017

Primary Spine Care Symposium- Connective Tissue and Spinal Disc Pathology, The morphology and pathology of connective tissue, inclusive of spinal disc disorders and prognosticating wound repair with permanency implications. Disc bulge, herniation, protrusion and extrusion classifications based upon contemporary literature and how to age-date disc pathology, Texas Chiropractic College Post-Doctoral Division, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Melville NY 2017

Primary Spine Care Symposium – Physiology and Anatomy of Spinal Manual Adjusting, Understanding the role of mechanoreceptors, proprioceptors and nociceptors with facets, ligaments, tendons and muscles in aberrant spinal biomechanics. MRI and imaging studies of decompressing via a chiropractic spinal adjustment of the bio-neuro-mechanical lesion and its effects on the central nervous system both reflexively and supratentorally, Texas Chiropractic College Post-Doctoral Division, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Melville NY 2017

Primary Spine Care Symposium – Medical-Legal Documentation, The contemporary documentation required in a medical-legal environment that is evidenced based and meets the standards of the courts and academia. Utilizing the scientific data to support a diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan while meeting the admissibility standards based upon a professional’s credentials. Texas Chiropractic College Post-Doctoral Division, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Melville NY 2017

Mastering the Disc, The anatomy and physiology of the intervertable disc, motor unit and supporting tissues. A look at the current understanding and recent research about the disc, its pathophysiology and breakdown. A look at the orthopedic and neurologic examinations, advanced examination procedures such as MRI and C-T scans, and electrophysiolgic testing to make an accurate diagnosis. A variety of treatments were looked at and the doctors were taugh how to make adequate treatment programs to reach the ultimate recovery possible. Pennsylvania Chiropractic Assocation,Harrisburg, PA, 2016

Presentation of applications specific to the human nervous system, Learning to use advanced applications to diagnose and treat all areas of the nervous system. Taught through practicums and patient bound paradigms. Carrick institute of Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2013

Neurological Diagnosis, Presentation of a structured format in approaching the neurological examination, with emphasis on reviewing the most common syndromes encountered during the exam. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2012

Pain, Emphasis on pain generating mechanisms from the receptor to central processing, the central mechanisms for pain inhibition and facilitation, and review of the clinical syndromes associated with pain integration and methodology specific to chiropractic modalities. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2012

Peripheral Nerve Disorders and Neurophysiologic Testing, Review of the injuries, entrapment and diseases associated with peripheral nerve dysfunction, the neurophysiologic testing of peripheral nerves including nerve conduction velocity, late responses, and needle electromyography, and case studies that correlate neurophysiologic testing with nerve dysfunction. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2012

Clinical Applications I, Discussion of the integration of the vestibular system, differential diagnosis of vestibular pathologies, and application of rehabilitation protocol for vestibular function based upon practicums and patient based paradigms. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2011

Peripheral Nervous System, Review of structure and function of the peripheral nervous system with emphasis on the clinical syndromes most commonly associated with lesions in the system, the central consequences of such lesions in relationship to neuronal function, and the methodologies of diagnosis and treatment. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2011

Spinal Cord, Review of the structure and function of the spinal cord, with emphasis on clinical syndromes, the methodology to differentiate between various clinical syndromes directly and or indirectly involving the spinal cord, and clinical applications in the treatment of the spinal cord injured patient. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2011

Reflexogenic Systems, Review of the structure and function of spinal cord reflexes, from monosynaptic to cross cord reflexes, and the clinical applications of modalities in the treatment of central and peripheral based disorders of muscle tone. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2011

Autonomic Nervous System, Emphasis on the structure and function of the Autonomic Nervous System in relationship to respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary function and pathology, review of autonomic concomitants associated with central and peripheral lesions, and the clinical methodology involving diagnosis and treatment of neurological dysfunction of the Autonomic Nervous System. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2011

Cerebellum, Exploration of the major afferent and efferent projections of the cerebellum, and the central and peripheral consequences of cerebellar pathology. Review of the relationship between labyrinthine and cerebellar integration to ocular movement with emphasis on its clinical application. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2011

The Brain and Its Environment, Review of the internal and supportive structures of the brain with emphasis placed on the major afferent and efferent projections associated with brain activity. Discussion of the lesions of the supportive structures of brain and the clinical methodology used in determining brain vascular integrity, and applications specific to brain based treatments. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2011

Lobes of the Brain, Review the basic functions and structures associated with the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, and the methodology involving the use of optokinetic stimulations and other brain based diagnostics and therapeutics. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2011

Sensory Systems, Discussion of the major sensory pathways specific to their structure and function. Review of the processing of sensory information in relationship to thalamic and cortical integration, the methodology used to differentiate central from peripheral origins, and the applications specific to the treatment of the sensory system. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2011

Head & Face Pain, Presentation of the most common syndromes involving head pain from migraines to trigeminal neuralgia, the afferent pain pathways from the face in regards to their structure and function, and the applications specific to facial pain. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2011

Neuron Theory & Receptor Activation, Review of the advanced components of neuronal structure and activity, with emphasis on the relationship between environmental potential and their effects on the central nervous system, and their clinical applications. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2010

Neuromuscular Applications, Emphasis on the structure and function of the motor system in relationship to receptor activation, exploration of the relationship between brain/muscle spindle sensitivity/gain and muscle tone, and the methodology concerning brain based activation of the neuromuscular system. Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2010

Documenting the Impairment of Vertebral Subluxation in Whiplash, Discussion of current terminology relating the MVAs found in the current research. A review of the literature to evaluate chiropractic treatment and its increased efficacy vs traditional medical management. A look at the historical and epidemiological pattern of “whiplash” through research articles. Mechanisms of the injury and type of tissue injured. The most effective treatment to affect the injured tissue positively was also looked at. Lastly anatomical and physiological pattern of injury in whiplash. What are the expected outcomes in whiplash for acute, subacute and chronic time frames and looking forward to make prognosis’s for the injured patient. Chiropractic Fellowship of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA, 2005

100 Hour Rehabilitation Course Part 3, 100 hours of follow up to the first two sections of this course. ACES, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada, 2000 - 2001

100 Hour Rehabilitation Course Part 2 – Course was broken up into the following topics, Basic Science, Clinical biomechanics, Lumbar spine: lifting and bending; upper quarter; prehension; Principles of human locomotion, subtalar events, closed chain events; Assessment, Advanced assessment of motor control; Upper Quarter Screen; Evaluation of gait; Return to work outcomes; Quantifiable functional testing and disability questionnaires as they related to activity intolerance (to include the role and apocopate timing of impairment rating); Emerging classification systems of spinal disorders; Introduction to Functional Capacity testing of whole body activities; Advanced issues in the objective measurement of soft tissue injury; McKenzie Assessment of Lumbar Spine; Rehabilitation Treatment; McKenzie Management of Low Back Pain, Open closed chain/functional movement (upper & Lower extremity functional-whole body exercises; Advanced issues in the principles & protocols of Strength Training (including weights stacks/free weights); Advanced issues in the principles and protocols in endurance training; Advanced issues in the principles and protocols of flexibility training (including active stretching); Management topics, cervical, whiplash, vertigo, headaches; Thoracic; thoracic outlet syndrome; Lumbar, general treatment parameters; Treatment interventions; Upper/lower extremities; Management of common sports and industrial injuries; Post-surgical spine and Multidisciplinary. ACES, Candian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada, 1999 - 2000

100 Hour Rehabilitation Course Part 1 – Course was broken up into the following topics, Basics Science and Clinical biomechanics, principles of human locomotion; Assessment, Advanced assessment of motor control, Upper quarter screen, Evaluation of gait, Return to work outcomes, Quantifiable functional testing and disability questionnaires; Rehabilitation Treatment such as lumbar McKenzie protocols and open and closed chain upper and lower extremities; Management Topics such as Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Upper/lower extremities, Advanced management of common sports and industrial injuries, Post-surgical spine. ACES, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada, 1998 - 1999

Whiplash Module 4, Training for and preparing to succeed in medical legal environments. Preparing for depositions, arbitrations and court. Gathering and keeping medical records. Court room testifying and becoming an expert witness. (Name of sponsoring entity), Philadelphia, PA 1996

Whiplash Module 3, Comprehensive compelling report construction. (name of sponsoring entity), Philadelphia, PA, 1996

Whiplash Module 2, Accident Reconstruction principals used in low speed rear impact collisions. History taking and physical examination. Radiographic and advanced imaging, including CT, MRI, Scintigraphy, PET, SPECT and their applications and others. Electrodiagnostic testing and their applications in whiplash. Healing of soft tissue injuries and designing a rational treatment program, including ADLs advice and ancillary procedures. Chiropractic therapeutic approaches to successful management of whiplash injuries. (Name of sponsoring entity), Philadelphia, PA, 1996

Whiplash Module 1, In depth review of the current knowledge of the whiplash phenomena including all factors affecting outcome. Epidemiology of whiplash injuries. Outcome studies, common syndromes and conditions resulting from whiplash, including thoracic outlet injures, traumatic brain injuries, temporal mandibular injuries, muscular pain syndromes, carpal tunnel injuries, and chronic pain disorders. Review of the Quebec Taskforce on whiplash associated disorders, and the RAND report on excess medical claims in personal injury. (Name of sponsoring entity), Philadelphia, PA, 1996

Cox Flexion Distraction Manipulation, Looking at the function of the Lumbar Spine. National Lincoln School of Post Graduate Education, Harrisburg, PA 1994

Understanding the Fundamentals of the Function of the Extremities, Each joint of the arms and legs was broken down into the expected join function. Evaluating the normal versus joint dysfunction and diagnosing poor joint motion. The appropriate treatment was taught with hands on work. The Motion Palpation Institute, Chicago, IL, 1984

Understanding the Fundamentals of the Function of the Spinal Articulations, Thorough training of the articular join mechanics including the three types of motion in the joint. Diagnosis and treatment were the follow up of the training. The Motion Palpation Institute, Chicago, IL, 1982

Motion Palpation of the Spine and Extremities, Each joint of the arms and legs was broken down into the expected join function. Evaluating the normal versus joint dysfunction and diagnosing poor joint motion. The appropriate treatment was taught with hands on work. The Motion Palpation Institute, Chicago, IL, 1982

Understanding the Fundamentals of the Function of the Spinal Articulations, Thorough training of the articular join mechanics including the three types of motion in the joint. Diagnosis and treatment were the follow up of the training. The Motion Palpation Institute, Chicago, IL, 1981

SELECTED MEDICAL TEACHING/ LECTURING/ CONSULTING

Clinical Teaching Residency, Clinical Teaching position with day spent between research department, the technique departments the and Public Clinic teaching student doctors. Palmer Chiropractic College, Davenport, IA, 1982

SELECTED MEMEBERSHIPS

Academy of Chiropractic, Member, 2016 – Present

Pennsylvania Chiropractic Society, Member, 2015 - Present

SELECTED HONORS AND AWAREDS

Resident, “Goldcoat Program”, Palmer Chiropractic College, Davenport, IA, 1982

Certificate of Merit, Palmer Chiropractic College, Davenport, IA, 1982