April Miller, DC FPSC

SELECTED OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY

President/Chiropractor, Evergreen Park Spine & Injury Center, P.C., Evergreen Park, Illinois, 2019 – Present

Clinical Director/Chiropractor, April Miller, D.C., Wheaton, Illinois, 2006 – 2019

Clinical Director/Chiropractor, April Miller, D.C., Chicago, Illinois, 2006 – 2019

Clinician, National University of Health Sciences, Chicago Clinic, Chicago, Illinois, 2012 – 2014

Adjunct Faculty, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois, 2009 – 2012

Clinical Director/Chiropractor, April Miller, D.C., Bloomingdale, Illinois, 2006 – 2008

Clinical Director/Chiropractor, April Miller, D.C., Schaumburg, Illinois, 2002 - 2006

EDUCATION AND LICENSURE

Doctor of Chiropractic, Licensed in the State of Illinois, License # 038-009775, 2002 – Present

Doctorate of Chiropractic, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois, 2002

Internship, Salvation Army Clinic, Chicago, Illinois, 2002

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Physiotherapy, 2002

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part IV, 2002

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part III, 2002

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part II, 2002

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part I, 2002

Bachelor of Science in Human Biology, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois, 200

Bachelor of Arts in Biology, Hastings College, Hastings, Nebraska, 1991

CERTIFICATIONS, QUALIFICATIONS AND DIPLOMATES

Fellow, Primary Spine Care, 2-year program on spinal trauma, spinal management, advanced imaging, electrodiagnostics, accident engineering, spinal biomechanical engineering, triaging the injured, stroke diagnosis, demonstrative documentation, connective tissue pathology, ligament pathology diagnosis and management, and spinal treatment evidence-based outcome studies. The program requires collaboration in advanced imaging for spinal and MSK radiology and being published in case studies. Certified in Joint Providership from the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, and the Academy of Chiropractic, Long Island, New York, 2024 - Present

MRI Interpretation Review Qualification – Physics and Protocols: The MRI Interpretation Review Qualification provides an in-depth understanding of MRI physics, focusing on sequencing protocols and acquisition signals. This includes training in T1, T2, STIR, T2 Fat Saturation, proton density, and Fast Spin Echo sequences in sagittal, axial, and coronal planes. Emphasis is placed on Tesla strength and image clarity, ensuring precision in imaging for accurate diagnosis. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2022 - Present  

MRI Interpretation Review Qualification – Spine Interpretation: This qualification also covers the integration of clinical correlation with imaging findings to enhance collaborative case management with medical specialists. Participants are trained to diagnose both intra- and extra-dural pathologies, such as varices and neoplasms, through advanced imaging protocols. Detailed instruction on basic and advanced sequencing is tailored to identify specific tissue pathologies effectively. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2022 - Present  

MRI Interpretation Review Qualification – MKS Extremity Interpretation: Moreover, the program extends beyond spinal and brain imaging to include musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging of the entire skeletal system. It encompasses X-ray and MRI protocols for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, and fingers in the upper extremities, as well as the hip, knee, ankle, and toes in the lower extremities. This comprehensive approach equips participants with the expertise needed for accurate imaging interpretation across diverse anatomical regions. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2022 - Present 

Expert Witness Qualification Part 1: Understanding the roles of each party in the court system is essential for any expert witness. This includes becoming familiar with the responsibilities of the judge, jury, plaintiff, and defense attorneys. Each of these individuals plays a distinct role in the legal process and knowing how they interact helps the expert navigate testimony effectively. In addition, learning the basic terminology used in a legal setting is crucial to ensure clear communication and credibility. A solid grasp of these foundational concepts sets the stage for effective courtroom participation. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2021 - Present  

Expert Witness Qualification Part 2 – Courtroom Bias for Credentials highlights the critical role that advanced credentials play in overcoming courtroom bias. Courts and opposing experts often carry inherent biases that can diminish the credibility of testimony lacking recognized academic or clinical authority. To effectively challenge such bias, medical and chiropractic professionals must pursue advanced training and certifications that demonstrate a high level of expertise. An admissible and well-structured curriculum vitae becomes essential, serving as both a shield and a sword in the legal arena. It not only legitimizes the expert's qualifications but also strengthens their ability to withstand scrutiny and exert influence during cross-examination. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2021 - Present  

Expert Witness Qualification Part 3 focuses on the use of demonstrative documentation to effectively educate courts and juries. This approach helps clearly convey the nature and extent of bodily injuries sustained by a patient. Through visual and detailed presentations, it becomes easier for non-medical professionals to grasp complex medical conditions. Demonstrative materials can illustrate the presence of symptoms such as pain, weakness, and numbness in a way that words alone may not achieve. Ultimately, this method enhances understanding and supports the credibility of expert testimony. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2021 - Present  

Expert Witness Qualification Part 4: As an expert witness, educating the attorney on the specific bodily injuries sustained by their client, ensuring they fully understand the clinical significance and long-term impact. Breaking down complex medical findings into clear, legally relevant explanations that can be used effectively in court. Additionally, assisting in crafting precise and impactful questions for direct examination allows the jury to grasp the extent and relevance of the injuries. Also helping to develop strategic re-direct questions to reinforce key points and address any misleading or inaccurate testimony introduced during cross-examination. This collaborative preparation strengthens the overall case presentation and supports a clearer path to justice. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2021 - Present 

Hospital Qualification Part 1 – Staffing Roles:  focuses on staffing roles within a hospital setting. It explores the specific responsibilities of key leadership positions, including the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Medical Officer (CMO), and Chief Operating Officer (COO). These individuals, along with various department heads, play a vital role in ensuring the smooth and effective operation of the hospital. Understanding their duties and how they interconnect is essential for maintaining organizational efficiency and quality patient care. Equally important is the adherence to hospital policies, which guide professional conduct and support a safe, compliant healthcare environment. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 - Present 

Hospital Qualification Part 2 – Following Protocols involves strict adherence to hospital protocols, including compliance with HIPAA, OSHA, and all applicable state and federal regulations. Within the hospital setting, maintaining patient confidentiality and safety is paramount, requiring a thorough understanding of legal and ethical standards. Practitioners must also follow established procedures for documentation, reporting, and communication to ensure accurate and timely care. Regular reporting to attending physicians and department heads is essential, especially when involved in care planning and triage decisions. This collaborative approach ensures continuity of care and supports optimal patient outcomes within a regulated medical environment. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 - Present 

Trauma Qualification - Imaging: This advanced qualification integrates graduate-level medical and chiropractic education to provide comprehensive expertise in triaging injured patients. Training begins with a strong foundation in patient history-taking, clinical examination, and basic imaging, equipping practitioners with the essential tools to effectively assess and diagnose trauma cases. Advanced imaging modules focus on mastering MRI spine interpretation, enabling practitioners to identify and differentiate conditions such as herniated, bulged, protruded, and extruded discs with precision. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 - Present 

Trauma Qualification - Spinal Biomechanics: A significant emphasis is placed on spinal biomechanics and the management of non-anatomical pathology, offering an in-depth understanding of complex spinal conditions. This qualification also includes accident engineering principles, which assist in analyzing the mechanisms of injury to improve clinical outcomes. Advanced case management protocols are a central theme, ensuring practitioners can design and implement effective, evidence-based treatment plans. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 - Present 

Trauma Qualification - Comorbidity Triaging: Specialized topics such as electrodiagnostics, connective tissue pathology, and stroke diagnosis in a primary care setting are covered comprehensively. These advanced diagnostic skills prepare practitioners to manage a wide range of trauma-related conditions. This advanced qualification underscores a detailed understanding of trauma and its complex presentation in clinical practice. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 - Present 

Primary Spine Care Qualification – Connective Tissue Pathology: The Primary Spine Care Qualification encompasses advanced graduate chiropractic and medical education focusing on healthy and traumatically altered spinal morphology. This includes an in-depth understanding of osseous, connective tissue, and neurological structures, as well as their respective functions and pathologies. This comprehensive training equips professionals with the ability to assess and address a wide range of spinal conditions with precision and expertise. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 - Present 

Primary Spine Care Qualification – Connective Tissue Pathology: The Primary Spine Care Qualification encompasses evaluating predictive models of spinal biomechanics and developing engineering paradigms for treatment plans aimed at optimizing spinal homeostasis. This process is grounded in evidence-based methodologies, ensuring that the latest scientific research supports each treatment approach. Such qualifications underscore a practitioner's commitment to delivering the highest standards of spinal care, leveraging data-driven conclusions for effective outcomes. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 - Present 

Primary Spine Care Qualification – Advanced Imaging: The Primary Spine Care Qualification is a comprehensive program designed to equip practitioners with the expertise to triage patients with spinal injuries and coordinate collaborative care throughout the entire continuum of recovery. It encompasses the full spectrum of spinal MRI interpretation, including the identification of disc pathology, intradural tumors, and other space-occupying lesions. Additionally, the curriculum provides detailed instruction on MRI protocols to ensure accurate and effective diagnoses, enabling practitioners to deliver evidence-based care tailored to each patient's unique needs. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 – Present

Evaluation and Management Qualification, Part 1 – History: Overview of a patient’s history focuses on mastering clinical communication skills with patients to ensure a thorough and accurate history is obtained, including past medical history, family history, and social history. It emphasizes the importance of clearly documenting the “OPQRST” (Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region, Severity, and Timing) in the report, along with appropriate pain scales. Proper documentation of these elements supports the clinical decision-making process and enhances the quality of care. Additionally, it is essential that the physical examination findings align with the ICD code assigned to ensure precise and compliant reporting. This alignment strengthens the overall documentation and supports the medical necessity of the services provided. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 – Present

Evaluation and Management Qualification, Part 2 – Neurological Examination, focuses on the essential components of a complete cognitive and spinal neurological evaluation. This assessment begins with evaluating the patient’s mental status, including orientation, memory, attention, and language abilities. Cranial nerve testing follows, checking functions like vision, facial movement, hearing, and gag reflex. The spinal neurological portion includes motor strength testing, deep tendon reflexes, and sensory function across dermatomes. Coordination, gait, and balance are also examined to identify any abnormalities in the central or peripheral nervous system. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 – Present

Evaluation and Management Qualification, Part 3: Spinal Biomechanics: Focuses on spinal biomechanics, posture, and gait analysis. It emphasizes the importance of functional stability in maintaining spinal health. The course teaches visual assessment techniques to identify postural imbalances and gait abnormalities. Clinicians learn to correlate these findings with spinal function and patient symptoms. This training enhances diagnostic accuracy and supports more effective treatment planning. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 – Present

Evaluation and Management Qualification, Part 4 – Chief Complaint: Focuses on the Chief Complaint. The chief complaint must align precisely with the clinical findings. A thorough spinal evaluation must include active and passive range of motion testing, palpation, and visual inspection. These elements help validate the complaint and ensure clinical accuracy. Proper documentation strengthens the integrity of the diagnosis and supports effective care planning. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2019 – Present

Perinatal Care with Webster Certification, Completed advanced training in evidence-based chiropractic care for the perinatal patient, including specialized techniques and clinical applications supporting physiological birth and maternal health. Coursework emphasized the chiropractic relationship to pregnancy, labor, and delivery with an in-depth focus on perinatal assessment and patient-centered care strategies. International Chiropractic Pediatric Association, Minneapolis, MN, 2017

Certification in Kinseiotaping, National University of Health Sciences, Lincoln College, Continuing Education, Lombard, IL 2011

Certification in Acupuncture, International Academy of Medical Acupuncture, New York College of Chiropractic, Des Plains, IL, 2003

SELECTED POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION

Documentation Compliance and Medicode Standards in Clinical Practice, This course examines carrier documentation mandates with emphasis on requirements for personal injury, managed care, and cash-based patients. It includes a detailed review of the 2021 Medicode mandatory elements for evaluation and management codes 99202–99205. Instruction focuses on proper documentation techniques to ensure accuracy, completeness, and compliance while minimizing common errors. Emphasis is placed on producing clear, defensible clinical records that withstand regulatory and legal scrutiny, with best practices aimed at protecting both providers and patients through compliant reporting. Cleveland University-Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Board, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2026

Biomechanics and Neurophysiological Effects of Spinal Manipulation, This section reviews scientific literature distinguishing general joint manipulation from arthrokinematics maneuvers and high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) chiropractic spinal adjustments. It examines the impact of these interventions on central segmental motor control, neuromuscular coordination, and spinal biomechanics. The concept of spinal homeostasis is explored in relation to adaptive and restorative responses. Comparative outcomes across chiropractic, physical therapy, and medical approaches for mechanical spine pain are analyzed to provide an evidence-based understanding of mechanisms, effectiveness, and clinical implications. Cleveland University-Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Board, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2026

Incidental Tumors Found in Spine Imaging - Part 1: Identification of ancillary lesions on spinal MRI frequently includes findings unrelated to the primary spinal complaint, requiring careful differentiation between benign and malignant processes. Common benign lesions may include cysts, hemangiomas, lipomas, adenomas, or degenerative tissue changes, whereas malignant lesions may represent primary tumors or metastatic disease, requiring urgent medical evaluation. Primary tumors originate within the involved organ or tissue itself, whereas secondary tumors represent metastatic spread from distant anatomical sites. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2026

Incidental Tumors Found in Spine Imaging- Part 2 Spinal MRI studies can incidentally reveal abnormalities associated with the pancreas, bowel, reproductive organs, kidneys, liver, spleen, thyroid, and throat structures, many of which may initially be asymptomatic. Accurate interpretation of these findings is critical because early identification of malignant or metastatic pathology may significantly alter patient prognosis, treatment planning, and the need for referral. The literature supports that chiropractors and spine specialists interpreting advanced imaging must recognize ancillary lesions and distinguish benign from potentially life-threatening pathology to ensure appropriate triage and collaborative medical management. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2026

Brain and Spine Tumors and Infection Part 1, Advanced training included identification and interpretation of metastatic disease patterns involving the brain parenchyma, vertebral bodies, epidural space, and leptomeninges utilizing MRI and advanced neuroimaging protocols. Emphasis was placed on differentiating benign versus malignant lesions, distinguishing primary from secondary tumors, and recognizing intra-axial versus extra-axial intracranial pathology as well as intramedullary versus extramedullary spinal tumors. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2026

Brain and Spine Tumors and Infection Part 2, Specialized instruction addressed central nervous system and spinal infections, including the radiographic hallmarks of discitis, osteomyelitis, epidural abscess, intracranial abscess, meningitis, and post-surgical infectious complications. Training further focused on applying imaging criteria, enhancement characteristics, tissue signal patterns, and clinical correlation to distinguish neoplastic lesions from infectious and inflammatory processes. Coursework emphasized timely recognition of emergent pathology requiring immediate referral, multidisciplinary collaboration, and advanced medical management. This education strengthened competency in differential diagnosis, MRI interpretation, and evidence-based clinical decision-making for complex spinal and neurological disorders. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2026

Concussion and Traumatic Brain Injury – Part 1, Advanced education included the evaluation and interpretation of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) utilizing MRI, CT, and advanced neuroimaging principles. Training emphasized recognition of subtle imaging findings associated with concussion, including indicators of diffuse axonal injury, hemorrhagic versus non-hemorrhagic lesions, and delayed or evolving radiologic changes that may not be immediately apparent following trauma. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2026

Concussion and Traumatic Brain Injury – Part 2, Coursework focused on correlating traumatic imaging findings with patient presentation and neurological symptomatology to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making. Instruction further differentiated acute, subacute, and chronic traumatic changes while distinguishing structural injury from functional neurological disturbance. Specialized emphasis was placed on identifying imaging-negative concussion presentations versus imaging-positive traumatic brain injury and understanding the clinical implications of each. This advanced training strengthened competency in the assessment of traumatic neurological disorders, differential diagnosis, and appropriate referral and co-management of patients with brain trauma. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2026

Concussion / Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Diagnosis and Clinical Triage, Developed advanced proficiency in differentiating concussion, mild traumatic brain injury, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, and post-traumatic stress disorder through evidence-based neurological, cognitive, and behavioral assessments. Trained in the identification of red-flag signs and symptoms necessitating urgent neuroimaging and/or specialist referral. Acquired expertise in correlating patient history, mechanism of injury, symptom evolution, and examination findings to ensure accurate classification and risk stratification. Emphasis placed on early identification, appropriate interdisciplinary referral, and coordinated care to optimize patient outcomes and mitigate long-term sequelae. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2026

Mandatory Documentation and Coding for Spinal Pathology and Comorbidities. Documentation requirements for CPT® codes 99202–99205 are based on either the level of medical decision-making (MDM) or the total time spent by the provider on the date of the encounter. Progressively higher-level codes reflect increasing complexity of the patient’s condition, including the scope of history, examination, and MDM, or increased total provider time. For time-based coding, CPT® 99202 requires 15–29 minutes, 99203 requires 30–44 minutes, 99204 requires 45–59 minutes, and 99205 requires 60–74 minutes of total provider time. MDM is determined by the number and complexity of problems addressed, the amount and/or complexity of data reviewed and analyzed, and the level of risk of morbidity or mortality associated with patient management. Precise and comprehensive documentation is essential to support accurate code selection and to ensure compliance with CMS and third-party payer requirements. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2026

Primary Spine Care 18 - Spinal Biomechanics, Ligamentous Pathology and Treatment Planning. Understanding future trends in chiropractic and clinical record-keeping is essential for maintaining professional excellence and delivering high-quality patient care. As healthcare evolves with new technologies and reimbursement models, clinical documentation must adapt to remain effective and compliant. This module provides a structured, step-by-step guide to creating accurate clinical notes, covering their purpose, context, key elements, practical tips, and relevant legal considerations. Mastery of these skills supports both regulatory compliance and the highest standards of patient care. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2025

Primary Spine Care 18 - MRI Spine Interpretation, Provided instruction in the interpretation of MRI sequences, including sagittal, axial, T1, T2, STIR, and proton density. Trained students to accurately identify vertebrae, spinal cord, discs, nerve roots, thecal sac, posterior longitudinal ligament, epidural veins, and fat saturation pulses. Emphasized recognition of common pathologies such as bulges, herniations, protrusions, extrusions, myelomalacia, cord edema, and Schmorl’s nodes. Developed students’ practical skills in applying MRI findings to clinical decision-making. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2025

Primary Spine Care 18 - Connective Tissue and Biomechanical Pathology; Part 1, This module covers the foundational principles of biomechanical lesions, starting with ligamentous pathology and extending to overall biomechanical dysfunction. Students will learn how ligament damage impacts spinal stability and joint function. The course explores the compensatory changes that develop into chronic biomechanical pathology. Emphasis is placed on the clinical relevance of these lesions for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and thorough documentation. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2025

Primary Spine Care 18 - Connective Tissue and Biomechanical Pathology; Part 2, This module examines the neurological impact of connective tissue injuries and biomechanical pathology. It highlights how structural damage can create effector organ dysfunction, leading to abnormal neurological signaling. The course traces the progression from localized tissue pathology to widespread central sensitization. Focus is placed on understanding the mechanisms that connect tissue injury to long-term neurological consequences. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2025

Primary Spine Care 18 – Evidence-Based Age-Dating Herniated Discs, This module develops the essential skill of “Evidence-Based” age-dating for herniated discs and spinal trauma. Students will learn to combine imaging interpretation from X-ray, MRI, and other modalities with clinical insights into joint pathology. Emphasis is placed on applying this expertise in collaborative medical and medical-legal contexts. The course also underscores the importance of evidence-based reasoning in establishing accurate patient prognoses. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2025

Primary Spine Care 18 - Spinal Biomechanics, Ligamentous Pathology and Treatment Planning, This module covers the diagnosis and management of ligament pathology in acute and chronic patients. It reviews the evidence-based physiology of ligament morphology, trauma mechanisms, and resulting compensatory spinal changes. A master-level analysis addresses ligament anatomy, vascularization, neurological innervation, and tissue repair, emphasizing clinical relevance. The course also explores how ligament pathology drives patho-neuro-biomechanical lesions and informs the mechanisms of chiropractic spinal adjustments. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2025

Primary Spine Care 18 – Concussion mTBI-TBI and Stroke Triage, This module focuses on the screening and diagnosis of brain injuries, from concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) to severe TBI and stroke. It emphasizes recognizing key clinical signs to support timely and accurate assessment. Participants learn essential triage protocols to ensure patients receive appropriate care. The course also introduces evidence-based strategies for distinguishing between conditions and minimizing the risk of delayed or missed diagnoses. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2025

Primary Spine Care 18 – Evidence on Making Non-Specific Back Pain Specific, This course module provides an evidence-based framework for spinal diagnosis, focusing on accurate identification of specific pathologies rather than generalized labels like “non-specific back pain.” Clinicians are trained to integrate clinical assessment and imaging findings to establish definitive diagnoses. The module emphasizes collaborative management with medical specialists to improve patient outcomes. Participants learn to apply evidence-based reasoning to guide treatment decisions and strengthen interdisciplinary care. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2025

Primary Spine Care 18 – Documentation Requirements that Support Necessary Long-Term Chiropractic Care and Foster Collaborative Relationships, This course module outlines the documentation requirements essential for supporting long-term chiropractic care and fostering collaborative relationships. It provides an evidence-based framework for spinal diagnosis, emphasizing precise identification of specific pathologies over broad labels such as “non-specific back pain.” Clinicians are trained to synthesize clinical assessments with imaging findings to establish accurate and definitive diagnoses. The module highlights strategies for collaborative management with medical specialists to optimize patient outcomes. Participants learn to apply evidence-based reasoning to guide treatment decisions while enhancing interdisciplinary communication and care coordination. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2025

Documentation Mandates, The review documentation mandates imposed by carriers emphasize the requirements that may initiate or sustain investigations. Participants are trained to maintain compliance while steering clear of common documentation errors. The curriculum includes detailed instruction on the mandatory reporting elements for codes 99202–99205. Focus is placed on producing accurate, comprehensive, and defensible records to safeguard both providers and patients. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2025

Evidence-Based Chiropractic Outcomes, This module explores chiropractic research with a strong emphasis on comparative clinical outcomes. It analyzes the effectiveness of chiropractic care in relation to physical therapy, medical doctors, and osteopathic physicians. The curriculum also assesses patient outcomes when contrasting chiropractic interventions with drug-based treatments. Special attention is given to evidence-based findings that demonstrate chiropractic efficacy across multiple healthcare delivery models. The course equips participants with a research-driven framework for understanding the role of chiropractic in integrative care. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2025

Primary Spine Care 17, Current and Future Trends in Documentation, Evidence-Based demonstrative documentation for creating successful patient-centered collaborative care. Using "reputation building" through effective documentation to develop relationships with MD PCPs, MD Specialists, ERs, and Urgent Care Centers.  Using demonstrative evidence will eradicate the Non-Specific Back Pain "Dogma,” allowing chiropractic utilization to increase based on the evidence. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2025

Primary Spine Care 17, MRI Spine Ancillary Tumor Detection and Advanced Imaging Stroke Detection, Spinal imaging techniques to assess spinal structures and detect abnormalities. The sequences also identify ancillary findings such as renal, ovarian, extradural, and intradural tumors. Careful evaluation of spinal MRIs can reveal critical pathologies beyond musculoskeletal issues. Analyzing the morphology of the abdominal aorta to determine potential stroke risks. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2025

Primary Spine Care 17, Analyzing Spinal Pathobiomechanics, Identifying and diagnosing spinal segmental lesions in the facet, joint capsules involving ligamentous mechanoreceptors, and spinal proprioceptors. The central segmental motor control mechanism with upper motor neuron involvement with disparate efferent effects and demonstrative diagnostic tools to differentially diagnose the primary lesion.  The statistical outcome of treating biomechanical spinal lesions. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2025

Primary Spine Care 17, Spinal Biomechanical Pathology, Identifying and diagnosing spinal segmental lesions in the facet, joint capsule involving ligamentous mechanoreceptors, and spinal proprioceptors. The central segmental motor control mechanism with upper motor neuron involvement with disparate efferent effects and demonstrative diagnostic tools to differentially diagnose the primary lesion.  The statistical outcome of treating biomechanical spinal lesions. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2025

Primary Spine Care 17, Advanced Credential Reporting, creating a professional bio and CV, essential for establishing credibility in the medical-legal field. Incorporating outcome statistics from cases helps demonstrate your work's real-world impact, especially in the medical legal arena. Getting published in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) using research, peer review, and adherence to scientific standards and enhances your reputation by validating your work within the healthcare community and increasing your authority in the healthcare community field. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2025

Primary Spine Care 17, Age-Dating Herniated Disc via MRI and X-Ray, Utilizing the evidence in the literature to age-dating spinal herniated discs and trauma. Including interpreting X-rays, MRIs in T1, T2, STIR and Fat Saturation sequences, and other imaging alongside understanding the evidence of joint pathology. Being able to collaborate with physicians or as a medical-legal expert. Accurate age-dating helps establish a prognosis for patient recovery. The process must be grounded in evidence-based rationale to ensure reliability. Mastering this skill enhances both clinical decision-making and legal credibility. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2025

Primary Spine Care 17, Clinical Grand Rounds in Primary Spine Care, Clinical Grand Rounds for a case involve assessing disc, ligament, and spinal pathology. The process includes establishing a diagnosis, determining the prognosis, and developing a treatment plan. Special attention is given to conditions such as cord edema, myelomalacia, myelopathy, and tethered cords. Utilizing follow-up examinations as a step in crucial in refining the diagnosis and treatment approach. Adjustments to the treatment plan are made as new clinical findings emerge. This ensures that patient care remains dynamic and responsive to evolving spinal conditions. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2025

X-Ray Essentials, Comprehensive Analysis of Spinal and Extremity Radiographic Imaging: Anatomy, Alignment, Joint Spacing, and Normal Spinal Curvatures. Coursework completed with a focus on the interpretation of soft tissue windows, four vertebral zones, cortical borders, and the detection of fractures, retropharyngeal spaces, and ligamentous ossifications. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2025

X-Ray Essentials, Advanced Radiographic Evaluation in Spine Care: Identification of Pathological Findings Including Ligamentous Ossifications, Retropharyngeal Spaces, and Fractures. Training emphasized alignment abnormalities, joint spacing analysis, and the evaluation of cortical borders and soft tissue structures through X-ray imaging. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2025

X-Ray Essentials, Comprehensive Diagnosis: Covering the identification and interpretation of radiographic findings, including idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, intercalary bones, calcified ligaments, cervical ribs, calcified thyroid, lamina and pedicle fractures, fracture and column displacement, atlanto-dental intervals, and upper cervical instabilities. Emphasis was placed on clinical correlation and management strategies. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2025

X-Ray Essentials, Tumor in X-ray evaluation, focusing on raindrop lucencies, mandibular fractures, tracheal alignment, airway and lung assessments, hilar masses, and rib metastasis destruction. Coursework included advanced techniques in diagnosing and understanding pathological implications for clinical care. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2025

X-Ray Essentials, Grand Rounds: Cervical Central Disc Protrusions with Radiation and Spinal Instability: Cervical Radiculopathy, Biomechanical Failure, and Chiropractic Outcome Assessment. Focused on diagnosing and managing cervical radiculopathy caused by central disc protrusions and ligamentous instability using advanced imaging techniques and evidence-based chiropractic care.

X-Ray Essentials, Grand Rounds: Multiple Cervical Ligamentous Injuries Diagnosed on Motion Radiographs: Case Analysis of Anterior Cervical Disc Fusion Involving C5 and C6. Explored the role of motion radiography in identifying ligamentous injuries and assessed post-surgical outcomes of anterior cervical disc fusion procedures. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2025

Mandatory Standards in Report Writing and Diagnosing, Accurate documentation of patient-reported pain, including exacerbating factors and pain elicitation during evaluations.  He meticulously records past medical, family and social histories to support a comprehensive clinical assessment.  His reporting aligns with appropriate Evaluation and Management (E&M) coding standards to reflect the complexity of each case.  This through approach enhances diagnostic accuracy, continuity of care, and proper reimbursement. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2025

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Diagnosing, The Utilization of X-ray in spinal biomechanical engineering for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.  This approach aids in identifying the primary lesion in the spine, ensuring targeted and effective care.  Additionally, it facilitates the assignment of impairment ratings to spinal pathology based on objective imaging findings.  Accurate X-ray analysis enhances clinical decision-making and patient outcomes in spinal healthcare. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2025

Clinical Necessity & Diagnosis: Clinical coordination of a diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan in patient management. Plain imaging and MRI studies are used to conclusively diagnose myelopathy, myelomalacia, or cord edema as sequella to spinal disc pathology. The inclusion of the evidence in the literature to meet usual and customary standards in case management. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2024

Ethical and Compliant Doctor-Patient Relationships, The Utilization of discount medical plan organizations to ensure ethical and compliant doctor-patient relationships when considering a 2-fee system in clinical practice. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2024

2023 Demonstrative Documentation Requirements, Analyzing the requirements in anatomical diagnostic imagery to communicate spinal pathology. Integrating technology, clinical findings, and advanced graphic tools to communicate a diagnostic conclusion. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2024

MRI Spine Advanced Clinical Case Grand Rounds, Clinical case review of MRI including intra and extra-dural findings inclusive of the disc and vascular anatomical lesions. Differentially diagnosing central cord lesions, and spinal cord vascular lesions in both acute trauma and degenerative presentations.  Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2024

Non-Specific Spine Pain, Chiropractic and Outcomes, Analyzing neuro-biomechanical pathological lesions define primary spinal lesions and removes the dogma of non-specific back pain. Creating evidence-based demonstrative documentation in the creation of treatment plans. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2024

Spinal Tumor MRI Interpretation, Diagnosing and documenting: Ependymoma, Astrocytoma, Hemangioblastoma, Lipoma, Meningioma, Neurofibroma, Schwannoma, Myxopapillary Ependymoma. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2024

Demonstrative Narrative and Evaluation and Management Report Writing, Clinical record-keeping, why write clinical notes, the importance of context, what to include in a clinical note, tips for better clinical documentation, basic legal considerations, open clinical notes, and how to keep documentation efficient. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2024

Age-Dating Ligament/Connective Tissue Physiology and Pathology, Utilizing pain patterns, the high signal in the annulus, high signal outside the annulus, Modic changes, disc height, vacuum disc, sclerosis, Pfirrman rating, facet edema, and previous MRIs to determine the chronicity of pathology., Master-Class in ligaments; anatomy, physiology, vascularization, neurological innervation, tissue repair, and how they all relate to clinical practice.  Ligament pathology correlating to the mechanisms of patho-neuro-biomechanical lesions (vertebral subluxation complex). Also, how ligaments play a critical role in the chiropractic spinal adjustment and in defining the chiropractic spinal adjustment mechanisms. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2024

Clinical Grand Rounds in Biomechanics, Digitizing, and Advanced Imaging: Case reviews concluding and accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan utilizing evidence-based instrumentation and algorithms. Using demonstrative reporting of case findings to collaborate with co-treating physicians. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2024

Medical-Legal Documentation: A documentation discussion on meeting the requirements of the courts, carriers, and licensure boards in complete and accurate reporting. Ensuring the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan are demonstratively documented. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2024

Mini-Fellowship in Musculoskeletal (MSK) Arthridities Imaging in Upper Extremities, MRI, CAT Scan, and X-ray interpretation of shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, and fingers. Identifying arthridities in upper extremities. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University, Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, ACCME in Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Long Island, NY, 2024

Mini-Fellowship in Musculoskeletal (MSK) Tumor, Fracture, dislocation, and Infection Imaging in Upper Extremities, MRI, CAT Scan, and X-ray interpretation of shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, fingers. Identifying tumors, fractures, dislocations, and infections in joints, including the long bones attached to the joints. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University, Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, ACCME in Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Long Island, NY, 2024

Mini-Fellowship in Musculoskeletal (MSK) Soft Tissue Imaging in Upper Extremities, MRI, CAT Scan, and X-ray interpretation of shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, fingers. Identifying soft tissue injuries in joints; labrum, meniscus, and ligament and tendon injuries. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University, Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, ACCME in Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Long Island, NY, 2024

Mini-Fellowship in Musculoskeletal (MSK) Arthridities Imaging in Lower Extremities, MRI, CAT Scan, and X-ray interpretation of pelvis, hips, knee, ankle, foot, and toes. Identifying arthridities in upper extremities. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University, Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, ACCME in Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Long Island, NY, 2024

Mini-Fellowship in Musculoskeletal (MSK) Tumor, Fracture, dislocation, and Infection Imaging in Lower Extremities, MRI, CAT Scan, and X-ray interpretation of pelvis, hips, knee, ankle, foot, and toes. Identifying tumors, fractures, dislocations, and infections in joints, including the long bones attached to the joints. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University, Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, ACCME in Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Long Island, NY, 2024

Mini-Fellowship in Musculoskeletal (MSK) Soft Tissue Imaging in Lower Extremities, MRI, CAT Scan, and X-ray interpretation of pelvis, hips, knee, ankle, foot, and toes. Identifying soft tissue injuries in joints; labrum, meniscus, and ligament and tendon injuries. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University, Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, ACCME in Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 14: Case Management and Documentation - Spinal Biomechanics in Clinical Practice, The utilization of X-Ray digitization to diagnose spinal biomechanical pathology and analyzing trends in healthcare when triaging mechanical spine pain. The role of credentials in interprofessional collaboration. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 14: Case Management and Documentation - MRI Spine Sequence Acquisition and Interpretation, The understanding and utilization of T1, T2, STIR, Proton Density, FSE, GRE imagine sequencing for conclusive diagnosing of fracture, tumor, infection, and disc pathology. Identifying herniation, protrusion, bulge, extrusion-migrated, and extrusion-fragments on MRI images. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 14: Case Management and Documentation - Spinal Disc Microanatomy, The understanding of the human spinal discal elements; annulus, nucleus polyposis, cartilaginous end plates inclusive of the neurology, visualization, differentiation from the neonate to adults. The understanding of the etiology of Modic changes on MRI and how spinal biomechanics are altered. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 14: Case Management and Documentation - Interprofessional Collaboration on Mechanical Back Pain in Clinical Practice, Triaging neurologically compromised cases in conjunction with positive MRI images, and collaboratively managing cases with neurosurgeons in clinical practice. Post-operative management of spinal cases through full recovery. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 14: Case Management and Documentation - Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Analytic, The analytics of spinal biomechanical engineering utilizing X-Ray digitizing for Alteration of Motion Segment Integrity and biomechanical pathology. Determining laxity of ligaments in connective tissue pathology and the long-term negative sequels of the pathology. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 14: Case Management and Documentation - Demonstrative Reporting of MRI Spinal Disc Pathology, The diagnosis, and reporting of spinal disc bulges, herniations, protrusions, extrusions, and fragments. Reporting varices, Modic 1, 2, and 3, posterior longitudinal, interspinous, and intertransverse ligament. Reporting the ligamentum Flavum and epidural fat as a space-occupying lesion. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 16, Trends in Triage and Diagnosing Spinal Pathology, Diagnosing and demonstrative reporting of the spinal cord, nerve root, thecal sac, disc recurrent meningeal nerve, myelomalacia, myelopathy, fracture, chemical radiculitis, and connective tissue pathologies, and osseous compression of nociceptors. Collaborative care with medical specialists on spinal pathology and medical-legal reporting requirements. ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Board, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 16, MRI Spine Interpretation, Identifying and diagnosing spinal disc pathologies: bulged, herniated, protruded, extruded-comminuted, extrude-sequestered. MRI sequence protocols: T1, T1 fat saturation, T2, T2 fat saturation, STIR, proton density, fast spin echo, echo gradient, coronal, sagittal and axial. Triage of disc pathologies and collaborative care. ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Board, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 16, Spinal Biomechanical Pathology, Identifying and diagnosing spinal segmental lesions in the facet, joint capsule involving ligamentous mechanoreceptors, and spinal proprioceptors. The central segmental motor control mechanism with upper motor neuron involvement with disparate efferent effects and demonstrative diagnostic tools to differentially diagnose the primary lesion.  The statistical outcome of treating biomechanical spinal lesions. ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Board, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 16, Differentially Diagnosing Arthridities on X-ray and MRI, Identifying and diagnosing Osteoarthritis in hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder, foot, ankle, knees, hips on X-ray. Identifying and diagnosis erosive arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis on X-ray, MRI imaging, and ultrasound MRI in the hand, elbow, knee, and spine, Psoriatic and Lupus/Jaccoud Arthritis in the hand. Crystallin Arthropathy of the hand, Gout in the feet and spine, and Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease (CPPD) of the hand. Diagnosing of ankylosing spondylitis of the spine was also identified. ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Board, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 16, Incidental Tumors and Pathology Visualized on MRI Spine Images, Identifying and diagnosing Schwannoma’s, Adenoma’s, Fibroid Leiomyomas and Uterine Sarcoma’s, Renel Cell Tumors, Renal Cysts, and Aortic Aneurysms. The physics of T1, T1 fat saturation, T2, T2 fat saturation, STIR, proton density, fast spin echo, echo gradient, coronal, sagittal, and axial. CT Hounsfield units and diagnosing tumors. ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Board, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 16, Documentation, Diagnosis and Reporting on Medical-Legal Trauma Cases, Determining and documenting the history of proximate cause, how to demonstratively document pain, weakness, and numbness using evidence-based protocols. The demonstrative documentation of MRI spine pathology and being able to differentially diagnose previous vs current pathology in prognosing permanencies. The clinical correlation of causality, demonstrative bodily injury, and persistent functional losses using emotional intelligence. ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Board, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 16, Spinal Disc Morphology, and Chronicity of Disc Pathology, Spinal disc morphology of lamellar tracts and fiber orientation, the non-uniformity of discal zones with the chemical content of each. How Proteoglycans and Aggrecans are integral in disc hydration and age-dating pathology. Understanding the vascularization of the osseous endplate, cartilaginous endplate, and disc from birth through puberty is essential to accurately diagnosing disc pathology. Being able to relate disc herniations to end-plate fractures with central herniation and clinically correlating it to chronic back pain. ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Board, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Ethical Financial Relationships with Attorneys, Ethical financial relationship with lawyers and the documentation needed from the provider to define the relationship. Assignments, release of records, right to receive information, explaining statutes of limitations and document exchange are detailed. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Legality of Assignments, assignment of rights and benefits. What that means in contemporary clinical practice and how to ensure you have the legal authority to bill and collect based on necessary documentation. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Ethical Medical-Legal Financial Relationships, Part 1, Detailing what an ethical relationship is for the doctor and attorney. It describes the differences in ethics for a lawyer and doctor and what constitutes a licensure violation in both practices. It also details how to ensure your documentation supports ethical relationships. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Ethical Financial Relationships, Part, Managing cases where lawyers are unethical and understanding the Rules of Professional Conduct mandated for lawyers nationally. It helps you create business systems to manage these types for cases and work within the framework of the laws in each state to ensure compliance. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Documentation Required to Ensure a Reasonable Conclusion to a Case with an Attorney, The “Rules of Professional Conduct” as mandated by license for lawyers and further defines documentation required for a doctor to use with cases involving lawyers. It also details the necessary documentation needed for a doctor to provide detailed injuries to patients in an evaluation and management encounter and a final narrative for the courts. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Mini-Fellowship in Neuroradiology – MRI Spine – Part 1, Evidence-based studies in Modic Changes, Disc and Referred Pain, MRI and Cervical Musculature, Kinetic MRI Images, Neurological Innervation, MRI and Injury Mechanisms, Discogenic Pain, Annular Tears and Fissures, Asymptomatic Herniations. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Mini-Fellowship in Neuroradiology – MRI Spine – Part 2, Identify and oral examination of 60 MRI sequences (over 2500 images) of disc bulges, circumferential, radial, and transverse fissures, varices, and herniations inclusive of the following types: protrusion, extrusions (sequestered and migrated/comminuted extrusions). MRI sequencing for accurate interpretation with contemporary nomenclature and reporting. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Mini-Fellowship in Neuroradiology-MRI Spine -Part 3, Clinically correlate history, clinical findings, and advanced spinal imaging to conclude an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan in an evidence-based paradigm that passes a peer-reviewed panel. The case presented must emanate from contemporary practice utilizing accepted guidelines for sequence acquisition and collaboration if clinically indicated.  Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2024

Templates and Shortcuts in Diagnosing and Documentation, Documenting basics of diagnosing bodily injuries vs. pain, and the correct utilization of active vs. sequella coding. Diagnosing the radiation of pain and ensuring etiology is diagnosed and not solely the effect of the pathology. Documenting pathologies with the understanding of relative weights of the ICD. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, PACE Approved for The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Long Island, NY, 2024

Templates and Shortcuts in Diagnosing and Documentation, Understanding spinal biomechanical engineering and biomechanical pathologies to correctly diagnose and document according to demonstrative validation of the specific connective tissue injuries. Considering outcomes studies in spinal analytics when concluding an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan. The safe use of X-rays when utilizing digitizing tools to conclude an accurate biomechanical diagnosis. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, PACE Approved for The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Long Island, NY, 2024

Templates and Shortcuts in Diagnosing and Documentation, Utilization of Federal Daubert admissibility standards when documenting the utilization of tools, devices, and modalities in treatment. The applicability of research meeting Federal and state requirements for the necessity of treatment in clinical practice. How a doctor's credentials lead to better outcomes, and resolve many issues based on the knowledge attained while earning the credentials. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, PACE Approved for The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Long Island, NY, 2024

Required Elements for 100% Reimbursement, Diagnosing Active, Sequella, and Subsequent encounter codes for connective tissue pathology. The documentation elements required for 99202, 99203, 99204, and 99205. Developing ethical financial relationships for reimbursement in the medical-legal community and the documentation required. Using laws, regulations, and case law in contemporary practice to manage cases. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2024

Primary Spine Care 15: Advanced MRI and X-Ray Documentation in Clinical Practice, Interpreting and utilizing X-ray and MRI findings in creating demonstrative documentation. Advanced identification of spinal disc lesions, herniations, bulges, protrusion, extrusion, and fragmentations through computer graphics. Identification and demonstrative documentation of vertebral motor unit pathology and reporting demonstratively using computer graphics. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023

Primary Spine Care 15; Advanced MRI Interpretation in Clinical Practice, Utilization of thin slice acquisitions with T2 Fat suppressed, STIR, proton density, T1 and T2 sequencing for advanced identification of spinal disc lesions, herniations, bulges, protrusion, extrusion, and fragmentations. Better visualization of intradural and extradural lesions, neoplasms, and infections. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023

Primary Spine Care 15; Ethics in Clinical Practice, Ethical, collaborative relationships with medical PCPs and specialists using advanced documentation and accurate reporting of imaging and advanced imaging. Creating a collegial relationship when conflicts arise in concluding accurate diagnosis to allow consensus and the evidence to determine final diagnosis. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023

Primary Spine Care 15; Spinal CAT Scan Interpretation, Understanding the utilization of CAT Scan slicing and the reformatting when using bone and soft tissue windows. Correlating MRI to CAT Scan creates an unclear conclusion to render a complete image of the morphology of the indeterminate pathology. Understanding the physics of CAT Scan and the radiation levels with different types of CAT Scan technology.  Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023

Primary Spine Care 15; Connective Tissue/Strain Sprain Pathology, Understanding the morphology and physiology of connective tissue at the cellular and extra-cellular levels in building a foundation to understanding the function and interaction of ligaments, tendons, muscles, and bones, Identifying connective tissue pathology and the repair process with a foundation of r permanent aberrant sequella. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023

Primary Spine Care 15; Advanced Spinal Biomechanical Engineering, Understanding the concepts of normal vs. pathological movement of vertebral motor units in accurately concluding diagnosis on biomechanical pathology when considering excessive motion. An evidence-based approach to determining translation, angular deviation, and rotations beyond pathobiomechanical limitations in the spine. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023

Primary Spine Care 15; Trends in Spinal Care, An evidence-based approach to concluding accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan, Eradicating the non-specific back pain dogma utilizing X-ray digitizing based on literature standards, Creating treatment plans with identifying the primary spinal lesions using evidence-based tools. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023

Primary Spine Care 15; Documentation in Clinical Practice, Understanding and including all historical elements; current history, past history, family history, and social history when documenting a 99201, 99202, 99203, 99204, and 99205. The application of time as the prime element as per Medicode in coding examinations and re-examination with face to face, review of records and the time necessary to document in an electronic health record. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023

Triage and Compliance, Documentation and Diagnosing, Creating care paths using clinical examination and advanced diagnostics to formulate care paths including collaborative care. Documenting and diagnosing spinal biomechanical lesions, disc pathology from MRI including, but limited to herniations, bulges, extrusions, sequestrations and non-disc spinal lesions from varices and neoplastic space occupying lesions. Cleveland university Kansas City, College of Chiropractic and the Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023

Spinal Biomechanics and Anatomical Pathology Grand Rounds, Chiropractic Diagnosis and Management of non-specific spine pain. Educating the Primary Care Physician about biomechanical pathology and how it can be demonstrated and managed. A review of the ligament, biomechanical and neurologic implications of chronic spine conditions. The methods to determine stability and co-management with medical specialists were reviewed. Identification of the biomechanical ligament injury associated with the structural compromise. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2023

Reimbursement Guidelines and Documentation, Advanced documentation based on clinical and testing findings that correlate to Evaluation and Management Guidelines. Evidence-Based necessity parameters for considering spinal imaging and electrodiagnostic testing. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2023

Documenting Trauma, The documentation of biomechanical and anatomical pathology with trauma patients. Clinically correlating diagnosis, demonstrative bodily injury-pathology and persistent functional losses. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2023

Coding and Care Planning, ICD -10, and CPT cross-coding requirements form the acute stage through rehabilitation, including home care. The documentation of passive vs. active care in chronic and trauma case management. Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023 

Coding and Care Planning with Spinal Biomechanical Pathology, The documentation of short and long-term care, including demonstrative validation or spinal pathology in the clinical setting. Connective tissue pathological mechanisms in chronic and traumatic etiology. Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023 

The Safe Use of X-Ray in a Clinical Setting, Utilizing the guidelines created by the American College of Radiology and the evidence in the scientific literature for case management involving x-ray. Understanding the standards for safe radiation exposure when creating a demonstrative spinal biomechanical diagnosis and ruling out anatomical pathology. Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2023 

Imaging, Case and Strain/Sprain Reporting, Documentation, and coding for x-ray and MRI reports, and patient education. Connective tissue pathology as sequella to trauma and diagnosing of ligament laxity and strain-sprain in conjunction with biomechanical lesions of the human spine. The demonstrative reporting of spinal biomechanical lesions and the subsequent creation of treatment plans. Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2022

Chiropractic as the First Option for Spine, A Literature-Based Standard, Utilizing clinical findings in conjunction with advanced imaging and electrodiagnostic findings in managing collaborative relationships with medical specialists. Applying a literature standard to care to ensure conservative care as the first option. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

Chiropractic as the First Option for Spine, A Literature-Based Standard, Managing spinal related cases based upon MRI findings of herniations, bulges, protrusion, extrusions (comminuted and fragmented) utilizing thin-sliced acquisition protocols. When to consider ordering T1, T2, Short Tau Inversion Radiant, proton density and Dixon sequencing for spinal related pathology. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

Chiropractic as the First Option for Spine, A Literature-Based Standard, Creating literature-based documentation inclusive of history and a clinical examination that encompasses causality, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plans. Ensuring the whole person’s impairment ratings are consistent with contemporary literature. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

Chiropractic as the First Option for Spine, A Literature-Based Standard, Spinal biomechanical engineering models related to pathobiomechanics and literature-based standards in creating an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan. Determining impairment ratings based upon alteration of motion segment integrity utilizing motion-imaging and creating demonstrable evidence for continued treatment plans. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

Chiropractic Diagnosis and management of lumbar spine disc herniation was presented. Differential diagnosis of acute disc injury vs chronic disc herniation was reviewed. Co-management with medical specialist was also reviewed. A discussion of available pain management procedures as also presented. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

MRI Spine Clinical Grand Rounds, Interpretation sequencing of STIR, T1, T2, Axial and Sagittal acquisitions. Landmarks, physics, and literature-based definitions of disc and osseous pathology, Visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting cervical and lumbar anatomy vs. pathology. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Accreditation Council for Continued Medical Education in conjunction with The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2022

MRI Spine Clinical Grand Rounds, Visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting lumbar spine sequencing, disc herniations, neural canals, cauda equina, conus medullaris, nerve sleeves, canal stenosis grading, and vertebral width vs. height in determining segmental remodeling. Diagnosing thecal sac abutment, central canal root compression and ligamentum flava involvement. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Accreditation Council for Continued Medical Education in conjunction with The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2022

MRI Spine Clinical Grand Rounds, Case study visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting cervical spine sequencing, disc herniations, neural canals, cauda equina, conus medullaris, and vertebral width vs. height in determining segmental remodeling. Identifying the Pons, Occipital junction, and spinal cord to identify Chiari 1 malformations. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Accreditation Council for Continued Medical Education in conjunction with The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2022

MRI Spine Clinical Grand Rounds, Visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting lumbar spine sequencing, disc extrusion type herniations, neural canals, cauda equina, conus medullaris, spondylolisthesis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, disc degeneration, neural canal and central root compressions, central canal stenosis. Varices vs. herniations, and multiple level disc pathology with biomechanical failures. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Accreditation Council for Continued Medical Education in conjunction with The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2022

MRI Spine Clinical Grand Rounds, Visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting cervical spine sequencing, disc extrusion type herniations, neural canals, disc degeneration, thecal sac compression, central canal stenosis, cord displacement, reversal of cervical curve, Chiari 1 malformation. Identifying spinal biomechanical failure in MRI sequencing, with visualizing ligamentous pathology as cause for failure. Differentially diagnosing recent vs. older trauma based upon edematous signal in T1, T2, and STIR images. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Accreditation Council for Continued Medical Education in conjunction with The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2022

MRI Spine Clinical Grand Rounds, Visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting  cervical spine sequencing, multiple disc extrusion type herniations, vertebral remodeling, intradural tumor displacing the spinal cord visualized in T1, T2, and STIR sequences, neural canal stenosis, disc degeneration, thecal sac compression, central canal stenosis, cord displacement, reversal of cervical curve, Chiari 1 malformation, and identifying of inferior brain structures. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Accreditation Council for Continued Medical Education in conjunction with The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2022

MRI Spine Clinical Grand Rounds, Visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting 1) improper sequence acquisitions invalidating interpretation 2) incomplete study invalidating interpretation 3) visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting lumbar spine sequencing, multiple disc extrusion type herniations, vertebral remodeling, multiple thecal compressions, neural canal stenosis, disc osteophyte/ridging complex, central canal stenosis, spondylolisthesis. Identifying the spleen, liver, kidneys, inferior vena cava, and psoas musculature on imaging. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Accreditation Council for Continued Medical Education in conjunction with The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2022

MRI Spine Clinical Grand Rounds, Visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting cervical spine sequencing, cervical spondylosis, pathological spinal biomechanics, reversal of lordotic curve, and vertebral width vs. height in determining segmental remodeling, central herniation, thecal sac compression of the cord, identifying tongue, epiglottis, hyoid cartilage, pharynx, thyroid. Reviewing fat saturation sequences for osseous metastatic tumors and advanced degeneration. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Accreditation Council for Continued Medical Education in conjunction with The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2022

MRI Spine Clinical Grand Rounds, Visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting lumbar spine sequencing, degenerative disc disease, nerve root sleeve abutment, far lateral herniations vs. bulges, normal vs. dissected inferior vena cava aneurism, epidural fat as a space occupying lesion, facet arthropathy and edema, hypertrophy of ligamentum flava, and pseudo disc at the S1-S2 level. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Accreditation Council for Continued Medical Education in conjunction with The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2022

MRI Spine Clinical Grand Rounds, Visualizing, diagnosing, and documenting cervical spine sequencing utilizing T1 weighted images for pathology, inclusive of advanced degeneration and tumor detection. STIR in a fat saturated image for ligamentous pathology inclusive of the posterior longitudinal, ligamentous flava and interspinal ligaments. Normal clivus and odontoid for cerebellar tonsil location. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) flow and the utilization of the spinal cord’s central canal for CSF transport. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Accreditation Council for Continued Medical Education in conjunction with The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2022

Documentation, Demonstrative and Compliance, Elements of Evaluation and Management codes 99202-99203-99204-99205, inclusive of complexity of management and time components. Demonstrative documentation of spinal-related pain generators; spinal cord, thecal sac, myelomalacia, spinal nerve root insult, connective tissue, recurrent meningeal nerves. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

Chiropractic Management and treatment planning utilizing Symverta biomechanical assessments were reviewed. The methods to determine improvement in stability and biomechanical balance as well as co-management with medical specialists were reviewed. Identification of the biomechanical primary lesions and compensations associated with the structural compromise was reviewed. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

Neurology of Ligament Pathology- Normal Morphology and Tissue Damage, Connective tissue morphology, embryology and wound repair as sequalae to trauma. Full components of strain-sprain models and permanency implications with wound repair and osseous aberration with aberrant structural integrity. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

Neurology of Ligament Pathology- Spinal Biomechanics and Disc Pathology, Disc pathology as sequella to trauma; herniation, extrusion, protrusion, sequestration and how the spinal unit as one system creates homeostasis to balance the pathology. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

Neurology of Ligament Pathology- Neurological Innervation, The peripheral and central innervation of the disc and spinal ligaments of the dorsal root ganglion, spinal thalamic tracts, periaqueductal gray areas innervating the Thalamus and multiple regions of the brain. The efferent neurological distribution to disparate areas of the spine to create homeostatis until tetanus ensues creating osseous changes under the effect of Wolff's Law. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

Chiropractic Diagnosis and Management of Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis – A review of the ligament, biomechanical and neurologic implications of a degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis was presented. The methods to determine stability and co-management with medical specialists were reviewed. Identification of the biomechanical compensations associated with the structural compromise was reviewed. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2022

Case Management, Documentation, and Diagnosis, Clinically correlating history and clinical findings to biomechanical connective tissue pathology and advanced imaging with herniated, protrude, extruded, and bulging discs. Triaging trauma and chronic patients based upon clinical presentation and testing results. Cleveland University Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Shoulder, Identifying normal anatomy on both MRI and x-ray, inclusive of osseous, connective tissue, and neurological structures. Identifying fractures in adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic etiologies of osseous derangement. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Shoulder, Identifying fractures in adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic changes vs. benign and metastatic Tumors. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Elbow, Identifying normal anatomy on both MRI and x-ray, inclusive of osseous, connective tissue, and neurological structures, identifying fractures in the adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic etiologies of osseous derangement. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic changes vs. benign and metastatic Tumors. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Wrist, Identifying normal anatomy on both MRI and x-ray, inclusive of osseous, connective tissue, and neurological structures, identifying fractures in the adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic etiologies of osseous derangement. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic changes vs. benign and metastatic Tumors. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Hand, Identifying normal anatomy on both MRI and x-ray, inclusive of osseous, connective tissue, and neurological structures, identifying fractures in the adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic etiologies of osseous derangement. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic changes vs. benign and metastatic Tumors. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Hip, Identifying normal anatomy on both MRI and x-ray, inclusive of osseous, connective tissue, and neurological structures. Identifying fractures in adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic etiologies of osseous derangement. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Hip, Identifying fractures in the adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic changes vs. benign and metastatic Tumors. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Knee, Identifying normal anatomy on both MRI and x-ray, inclusive of osseous, connective tissue, and neurological structures. Identifying fractures in adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic etiologies of osseous derangement. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Knee, Identifying fractures in the adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic changes vs. benign and metastatic Tumors. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Hand, Identifying normal anatomy on both MRI and x-ray, inclusive of osseous, connective tissue, and neurological structures, identifying fractures in the adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic etiologies of osseous derangement. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic changes vs. benign and metastatic Tumors. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Extremity MRI & Xray Interpretation of the Foot, Identifying normal anatomy on both MRI and x-ray, inclusive of osseous, connective tissue, and neurological structures, identifying fractures in the adult and pediatric cases. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic etiologies of osseous derangement. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic changes vs. benign and metastatic Tumors. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

Documenting Clinical Findings and Diagnosis, Correlating clinical findings with x-ray and advanced imaging to conclude and accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan. The utilization of demonstrative documentation in diagnostic testing to visualize pathology in the trauma and non-trauma cases. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2022

2022 Trends in Spinal Healthcare, Analyzing evidence-based spinal healthcare trends in both utilization and necessity and understanding the marketplace.  The use of evidence-based demonstrative documentation in reporting treatment pathways in triaging spinal pathobiomechanics. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

MRI Spine Clinical Case Grand Rounds, Clinical case review of MRI’s including sagittal, axial, T1, T2, STIR, and proton density sequences. Identified will be the vertebrate, spinal cord, discs, nerve roots, thecal sac, posterior longitudinal ligament, epidural veins, and fat saturation pulses. Pathology will include bulges, herniations, protrusions, extrusions, myelomalacia, cord edema, and Schmorl’s nodes. Learn how to collaborate effectively with radiologists, neuroradiologists, and neurosurgeons on clinical findings. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Chiropractic vs. Physical Therapy vs. Medical Case Management and Outcomes, Analyzing evidence-based outcomes in triaging non-anatomical lesions. The analysis of neuro-biomechanical pathological lesions defines primary spinal lesions and removes the dogma of non-specific back pain. Managing collaborative relationships with medical primary providers and specialists in clinical practice. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

MSK Extremity Radiological Interpretation, Utilizing both MRI and x-ray in identifying via x-ray and advanced imaging extremity instabilities from ligamentous, osseous or neoplastic derangement. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Demonstrative Narrative and Evaluation and Management Report Writing, Effectively creating demonstrative medical-legal documentation and meeting the needs of the courts, and making your "4-Corner" (narrative) report to build your reputation as an evidence-based provider. The step-by-step minutiae of building a report, accomplishing report writing timely and effectively by understanding the regulatory and administrative rules. Learn how to educate the lawyer on bodily injury through evidence-based demonstrative reporting. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Ligament/Connective Tissue Physiology and Pathology, Master-Class in ligaments; anatomy, physiology, vascularization, neurological innervation, tissue repair and how they all relate to clinical practice.  Ligament pathology correlates to the mechanisms of patho-neuro-biomechanical lesions (vertebral subluxation complex). Also, how ligaments play a critical role in the chiropractic spinal adjustment and in defining the chiropractic spinal adjustment mechanisms. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Stroke Evaluation and Risk Factors in the Chiropractic Practice, Diagnosing, triaging, and documenting headaches, migraines, and vascular incidents (stroke) in the primary provider's office. Imaging protocols based upon history and clinical presentation will be presented, along with analyzing imaging findings in determining etiology. There will be an extensive question and answer session following the instructional presentation. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Age-Dating Herniated Discs and Trauma, Age dating herniated discs and trauma are critical skills for an expert in spine. It combines the clinical skills of interpreting X-ray, MRI, and other imaging modalities with a clinician's understanding of joint pathology. This level of expertise is critical when collaborating with other physicians or working in the medical-legal environment as an expert. Age dating pathology is also central to creating a prognosis on your patient's recovery and must be evidence-based in rationale. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Clinical Grand Rounds in Spinal Biomechanics, Case reviews utilizing E/M, MRI, and x-ray mensuration report to conclude an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan. Common diagnosis requires interprofessional collaboration with a discussion of diagnostic dilemmas and proper communication methods. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Neurosurgical Grand Rounds, A clinical discussion of collaborating with neurosurgeons on spinal cord and spinal nerve root co-morbidities. Triaging cases with herniated, protruded, extruded, fragments discs and differentially diagnosing tethered cord, syringomyelia, traumatic Schmorl’s Nodes, Myelomalacia, spinal cord edema, vacuum disc and other intra, and extra-dural lesions. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Trends in Spinal Healthcare, Analyzing spinal healthcare trends in both utilization and necessity and understanding the marketplace and how a clinical excellence level is reflected in a doctor’s documentation and credentials. Treatment pathways in triaging spinal pathobiomechanics. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

MRI Spine Interpretation Advanced Diagnosis, An evidence-based understanding of time-related etiology of disc pathology considering the American Society of Neuroradiology's designation of protrusion, extrusion, and sequestration of spinal discs, T1, T2, STIR and Proton-Density weighted evaluation to diagnose spine form MRI accurately. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Analytics and Case Management, Utilizing spinal mensurating algorithms to conclude a pathobiomechanical vs. normal spine in the absence of anatomical pathology. Clinically correlating history and physical examination findings to x-ray biomechanical results in creating an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

MSK Extremity Radiological Interpretation, Utilizing both MRI and x-ray to diagnose 1) Arthritis - Inflammatory and Degenerative, 2) Advanced cartilage assessment, 3) Rotator Cuff Tears, 4) Labral tears (shoulder and hip), 5) Tendon injuries and degeneration, 6) Meniscal tears, 7) Ligamentous injuries, 8) Common fractures, 9) Sports-related injury patterns, 10) Plantar fasciitis. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Demonstrative Medical-Legal Documentation, The narrative report. How to effectively create medical-legal documentation and what the courts look for. Making your "4-Corner" (narrative) report demonstrable and building a reputation as an evidence-based provider. The step-by-step minutiae of building a report. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Managing Non-Anatomical Spine Pain, Treatment modalities centered upon "best-outcomes" in an evidence-based model considering chiropractic vs. physical therapy and chiropractic vs. medicine. Considerations of disability, pain reduction, functional improvement, drugs utilized, and side-effects are all considered. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University – Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Documentation and Coding, CPT Coding Guidelines for Initial and Established Patients with particular attention paid to Patient History, Review of Systems, Social and Family History, Physical Examination, and Medical Decision making.  Specific differences in coding levels and required elements for a 99202-99203-99204-99205, and a 99212-99213-99214-99215. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Demonstrative Documentation and Ethical Relationships, Pathways to improve coordination of care, and interprofessional communication with collaborating physicians.  Maintaining ethical relationships in the medical-legal community through documentation and communication of demonstrable diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plans. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

MRI Spine Interpretation, Clinical case review of MRI’s including sagittal, axial, T1, T2, STIR, and proton density sequences. Identified will be the vertebrate, spinal cord, discs, nerve roots, thecal sac, posterior longitudinal ligament, epidural veins, and fat saturation pulses. Pathology will include bulges, herniations, protrusions, extrusions, myelomalacia, cord edema, and Schmorl’s nodes. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Clinical Grand Rounds, Case reviews utilizing E/M, MRI, and x-ray mensuration report to conclude an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan. Common diagnosis requires interprofessional collaboration with a discussion of diagnostic dilemmas and proper communication methods. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2021

Demonstrative Diagnosis and Documenting Spinal Pathology, Analyzing patient records, x-rays and MRI’s in determining etiology of traumatically induced pathological lesions. Clinically correlating the history, clinical findings, imaging findings and diagnosed bodily injuries to conclude and accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Demonstrative Diagnosis and Documenting Spinal Disc Injuries, Differentially diagnosing disc vs. posterior longitudinal ligaments vs. Thecal Sac vs. spinal cord vs. Ligamentum Flava pathology and insult. Identifying the borders of lesions and discerning between anatomic structures pathologically effected demonstrably. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

MRI Spinal Anatomy, Protocols and Disc Pathology, Normal anatomy of axial and sagittal views utilizing T1, T2, gradient and STIR sequences of imaging. Degeneration and annular fissures of discs in both trauma and non-trauma patients and the biochemical properties of joints in age dating pathology. Disc bulges from degenerative and sequela to osseous issues, herniation pathology and protrusion, extrusion, migrated and sequestered variations. Clinical scenarios as sequela to disc and pre-existing pathologies. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2021

MRI Spine Interpretation, Herniated, bulged, extruded, protruded, sequestered and degenerative discs. The morphology of a pathological disc vs. normal morphology and the sequences required including T1, T2 and STIR for all spinal regions. Modic 1-2-3 changes detailed and the traumatic relationship. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2021

Chiropractic-Legal Ethics, The academic and court standards for documenting an Evaluation and Management encounter with the utilization of accurate CPT Coding. Accurately documenting your credentials based upon earned credentials.  Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Chiropractic-Legal Ethics, The clinical standard for ordering diagnostic tests as indicated. This includes advanced testing such as MRI, CAT Scans and electrodiagnostics as electromyogram, nerve conduction studies, vestibule-electronystagmography and somatosensory evoked potentials. The failure to order indicated testing and how it creates a public health risk and will negatively reflect on your license and reputation. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Chiropractic-Legal Ethics, Documenting and communicating your credentials in a manner consistent with licensure boards and the courts. Communicating sub-specialties as awarded through formal academic accomplishments and utilizing that level of education to better understand and explain pathology. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Chiropractic-Legal Ethics, Understanding ethical relationships about anti-kickback laws, fee-splitting and appropriate hiring practices in the clinical arena. How to use your initial patient documentation to conclude a case and ensure you are within ethical boundaries. Cleveland University Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Forensic Documentation-Report Writing, Report writing in a medical-legal case inclusive of causality, bodily injury, persistent functional loss and restrictive sequela from trauma. Demonstratively documenting bodily injury utilizing models, graphs and patient image of x-ray and advanced imaging. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Forensic Documentation- Demonstrative Documentation, Demonstratively reporting spinal biomechanical failure and spinal compensation. How in a medical-legal environment to ethically report pre-existing injuries vs causally related current injuries and what is permissible in a legal proceeding. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Forensic Documentation- Reporting Direct Opinions, Causality, bodily injury and persistent functional losses documented and reported in a medical-legal environment as your direct opinion. Avoiding hearsay issues to ensure ethical relationships. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Forensic Documentation- Initial, Final and Collaborative Reporting, Preparing demonstrative documentation in a medical-legal case ensuring that you are familiar with all other treating doctor’s reports. Correlating your initial and evaluation and management (E&M) report and your follow-up E&M reports with the narrative upon maximum medical improvement documenting continuum of care.  Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Forensic Documentation- Qualifications and Preparation of Documentation, How to prepare your documentation for courtroom testimony and ensuring your qualifications are documented properly on an admissible, professional curriculum vitae. How to include indexed peer-reviewed literature in medical-legal documentation, Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Forensic Documentation- Reporting Patient History and Credentials ,Preparing patient history in a medical-legal case based upon your initial intake forms and understanding the work, social, academic, household and social activities of your patient. Understanding and explaining your doctoral and post-doctoral credentials in the courtroom.  Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Forensic Documentation- Reporting Chiropractic Care and Injured Anatomy, Preparing demonstrative documentation in a medical-legal case to report the bodily injuries of your patients, inclusive of loss of function and permanent tissue pathology.  Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Forensic Documentation- Reporting Temporary vs. Permanent Issues, Preparing documentation in a medical-legal case ensuring that you can communicate permanent vs. temporary functional losses and permanent vs. temporary tissue pathology. How to maintain and explain ethical relationships in medical-legal cases, Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Forensic Documentation- Reporting Bodily Injury, How to report bodily injury and functional losses as supported by your credentials in a medical-legal case. Clinically correlating causality and permanent tissue pathology as sequela to trauma, Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Forensic Documentation- Record Review and Documentation Reporting, How to report records of collaborative treating doctors and communicating your scope of practice in the management of your case. How to ethically report your role as a doctor in medical-legal cases, Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2021

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Legal Testimony, Report writing for legal cases, the 4 corners of a narrative and documenting damages with understanding defense medical documentation and consistent reporting of bodily injuries. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2020

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Legal Testimony, Part 2, Understanding report writing and the types of medical reports required for court inclusive of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plans with requirements of reporting causality and permanency. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2020

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Direct Testimony, Organizing your documentation and understanding all collaborative documentation and how it fits into your diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan, Understanding the nuances of the functional losses of your patients related to their bodily injuries, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2020

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Direct Testimony Part 2, Utilizing demonstrative documentation in direct examination and communicating the results of your care concurrently with the written documentation and reporting an accurate diagnosis for all images. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2020

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Direct Testimony Part 3, The evaluation, interpretation and reporting of collaborative medical specialists’ results and concluding an accurate diagnosis inclusive of all findings and reviewing all images to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2020

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Direct Testimony Part 4, Determining and documenting disabilities and impairments inclusive of loss of enjoyment of life and duties under duress and the evaluation and validation of pain and suffering. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2020

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Documentation and Cross Examination Testimony, Reporting your documentation factually and staying within the 4 corners of your medical report and scope of practice inclusive of understanding how your credentials allow you to report your documentation. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2020

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, A Documentation Relationship Between the Doctor and Lawyer, The level of organization required in a medical-legal case that accurately reflects the bodily injuries of your patients and the time constraints in rendering an accurate report. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2020

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Report Writing and Preparing for a Legal Case, Reviewing the facts of the case inclusive of your documentation, the defense medical examiner, medical specialists and the attorney to ensure accurate and consistent reporting. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2020

Medical-Legal Ethical Relationships, Report Writing and Preparing for a Legal Case, Creating demonstrative evidence, visuals of your patient's bodily injuries inclusive of x-rays, MRI's, CAT Scans and electrodiagnostic findings, the spinal biomechanics of herniated disc with ipsilateral findings and contralateral symptomatology. Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University-Kansas City, College of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2020

Trends in Spinal Healthcare, Analyzing spinal healthcare trends in both utilization and necessity and understanding the marketplace and how a level of clinical excellence is reflected in a doctor’s documentation and credentials. Treatment pathways in triaging spinal pathobiomechanics. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

MRI Spine Interpretation, An evidence-based understanding of time-related etiology of disc pathology considering the American Society of Neuroradiology's designation of protrusion, extrusion, and sequestration of spinal discs, Considering the signal intensity of discs in age-dating pathology and acquisition protocols for advanced spinal imaging. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

Spinal Biomechanics; A Literature Perspective, An evidenced-based model for spinal biomechanical engineering and pathobiomechanics considering the pathophysiological limits in translations, angular deviation, and rotational planes. Utilizing the Cartesian system in plotting vertebral points to demonstratively conclude an accurate diagnosis, prognosis and biomechanical treatment plan with the consideration of long-term care in the non-specific mechanical spine pain patient when necessary. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

Case Management of Mechanical Spine Pathology, Clinical Grand Rounds of herniated, protruded, extruded, sequestered, and bulging discs. Differentially diagnosing vascular vs. mechanical spinal lesions and the necessity for urgent vascular, neurological intervention, Collaborating in a team environment utilizing a neuroradiologist, electrophysiologist, and neurosurgeon with the chiropractor as the primary spine care provider. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

Pathobiomechanics and Documentation, CPT Coding Guidelines for Initial and Established Patients with particular attention paid to Patient History, Review of Systems, Social and Family History, Physical Examination, and Medical Decision making.  Specific differences in coding levels and required elements for a 99202-99203-99204-99205. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2020

Using Documentation and Ethical Relationships, Pathways to improve coordination of care, and interprofessional communication with collaborating physicians.  Maintaining ethical relationships in the medical-legal community through documentation and communication of demonstrable diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plans. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2020

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Clinical Application, History of clinical biomechanics with an emphasis on the diagnosis and management of spine pain of mechanical/functional origin.  Evidence-based symptomatic vs. asymptomatic parameters using peer-reviewed medical index literature. Computerized mensuration analysis of spinal biomechanical pathology. Comparison of demonstrable spinal biomechanical failure on imaging to clinical evaluation and physical examination. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2020

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Clinical Grand Rounds, Case reviews utilizing E/M, MRI, and x-ray mensuration report to conclude an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan. Common diagnosis requires interprofessional collaboration with a discussion of diagnostic dilemmas and proper communication methods. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2020

Diagnosing and Case Management, The requirements for diagnosing based upon in an initial evaluation and management encounter ranging from a 99202 – 99205 that includes comorbidities, non-musculoskeletal, and sequellae to injury diagnosis. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2020

Diagnosing and Case Management, The requirements for diagnosing imaging inclusive of static x-rays, biomechanical x-rays, and MRI. Documenting the clinical findings of disc bulge, herniation, protrusion, extrusion, and fragmentation. Coding, diagnosing, and documenting individual treatment encounters in the clinical setting. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2020

Case Management, Spinal MRI and Documentation Documenting Herniated Discs, Age-Dating Disc Pathology, and Connective Tissue Pathology as Sequella to Trauma, Herniated Discs and Connective Tissue Pathology, differentially diagnosing herniated discs vs. normal and bulging discs and protruded, extruded and fragmented discs. Normal vs. Pathological connective tissues and age-dating herniated discs. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

Case Management, Spinal MRI and Documentation, Case Management of Traumatic Spinal Injuries, Understanding flexion-extension cervical injures and diagnosing connective tissue pathology. Determining impairments and the literature-based standard for permanent injuries. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

Case Management, Spinal MRI and Documentation, Managing Herniated and Bulging Discs, Serious Injury in Non-Herniated Cases from Trauma, Spinal disc morphology, and innervation. Herniated, bulged, protruded, and sequestered disc characteristics and management. Literature-based documentation requirements for no-dis spinal injuries. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

Case Management, Spinal MRI and Documentation, Herniated Discs and Permanent Brain Malfunction & Biomechanical Failure, A case-study of a post-traumatic herniated disc and related brain malfunction supported by contemporary literature, MRI acquisition, and necessity protocols. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

Case Management, Spinal MRI and Documentation, Demonstrative Documentation of Disc Herniation and MRI Physics, Understanding the documentation requirements to demonstrate spinal disc lesions in reporting pathology. Understanding the physics of nucleus resonating in T1 and T2 weighted imagery. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

Case Management, Spinal MRI and Documentation, Post-Traumatic Herniated Discs, Related Migraines-Headaches & Strain/Sprain Permanence’s, Relationship of headaches, and migraines to cervical spine disc herniation, clinical rationale for ordering MRI’s and the relationship of ligamentous pathology to spinal trauma. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

Case Management, Spinal MRI and Documentation, Documentation of Low-Speed Crashes in Determining Etiology of Serious Bodily Injuries, Documentation requirements during the evaluation, and management encounter to understand the etiology of spinal injuries. Having a complete understanding of the forces involved to conclude a differential diagnosis, while concurrent ruling malingerers, if applicable. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2020

Utilization of Research in the Clinical setting, Utilizing peer reviewed scientific literature in creating a diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan for the chronic and acute patient. How to implement and stay current on techniques and technology in healthcare. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Triaging the Trauma and Non-Trauma Patients, Correlating clinical findings and the patient history in determining the correct course of care in triaging the patient utilizing orthopedic and neurological evaluations in the clinical setting. Understanding the parameters for immediate referrals vs. following the continuum of care to determine the necessity for referrals. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2020

Documentation, MRI Necessity and Trends in Spinal Treatment Protocols, Correlating history and a thorough clinical evaluation in determining the necessity for x-ray and MRI evaluations in the trauma and non-trauma patient. Considering whole spine patho-biomechanics in formulating treatment plans and long-term supportive care. Documentation requirements in transitioning from telemedicine to in-office care.  Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, PACE Approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing boards, Cleveland University Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2020

Trends in Spinal Treatment, Migration of spinal care for mechanical spine issues from hospitals and medical specialists to trauma qualified chiropractors based upon published outcomes. Utilizing imaging studies in spinal biomechanics, pain models and clinical outcomes to determine a conclusive diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan for triaging in a collaborative environment.  Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Loing Island, NY, 2019

Neurology of Spinal Biomechanics, Understanding the normal of spinal biomechanics and the neurotransmitters required for homeostasis. The interconnected role of Pacinian Corpuscles, Ruffini Corpuscles, Golgi Organ Receptors, Nociceptors, Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors in maintaining sagittal and axial alignment in the presence of mechanical pathology. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Loing Island, NY, 2019

MRI Age-Dating of Herniated Discs, The literature, academic and clinical standards to age-date herniated discs. The clinical correlation the pain patterns with advanced imaging finings of bone edema, spurs based upon the Piezoelectric effect of remodeling, high signal on T2 weighted images, Vacuum Discs and disc heights in determining the time frames of the etiology of the spinal disc pathology. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Loing Island, NY, 2019

Creating Ethical Collaborative and Medical-Legal Relationships, Understanding the timely triage necessities based upon clinical and imaging outcomes and the documentation required for collaborative physicians to continue care. Ensuring that the documentation is complete, reflective of services rendered and clear for third party consideration in an admissible format to considered in a medical-legal environment. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Loing Island, NY, 2019

Central Innervation of Spinal Biomechanical Engineering, Understanding the lateral and ventral horn’s innovations of Pacinian Corpuscles, Ruffini Corpuscles, Golgi Organ Receptors, Nociceptors, Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors and the pathways through the spinal thalamic tracts through the periaqueductal region, the Thalamus into the Occipital, pre-frontal, sensory and motor cortexes and the efferently back through the Thalamus to disparate regions in creating spinal homeostasis, Pacinian Corpuscles, Ruffini Corpuscles, Golgi Organ Receptors, Nociceptors, Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Loing Island, NY, 2019

Identifying Spinal Pathology of MRI, Utilizing T1, T2, STIR and Gradient studies in determining myelomalacia, intra and extra-dural tumors and systemic disease patterns affecting the spinal cord. When to use contrast post-operatively in identifying discal structures vs. adhesions on postoperative advanced imaging. MRI Interpretation of herniated, circumferential bulges, focal bulges, protruded, extruded, comminuted, sequestered and fragmented discs. When to consider a neurosurgical consultation based upon the correlation of imaging and clinical findings. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Loing Island, NY, 2019

Computerized Mensuration of Spinal Biomechanical Pathology, Understanding the algorithmic interpretation of spinal biomechanical pathology in a 3-D model and creating treatment plans, impairment ratings, and teaching models based upon the vertebral motor unit angles. Determining sagittal and axial alignments in creating a normative baseline for treatment goals and outcomes.  Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island NY, 2019

Neurosurgical-Chiropractic Collaboration on Spinal Pathology, Utilizing x-ray, MRI, and other modalities of advanced imaging in conjunction with spinal biomechanical failure and clinical evaluation to collaboratively create treatment protocols for patients in both the operative and non-operative cases. Determining the boundaries of the scope of care for both the chiropractor and neurosurgeon based upon a definitive diagnosis of the mechanical vs. an anatomical lesion. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island NY, 2019

Documentation and Ethics in Medical-Legal Relationships, Creating ethical relationships based upon accurate documentation reflective of the casually related condition of the injured. Ensuring accepted credentials of the doctor based upon Voir Dire standards reflected in an admissible curriculum vitae. How to present demonstrative documentation in the courts reflective of the patient’s pathology. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island NY, 2019

Coding, Documentation and Compliant Coding Ensuring the correct codes are utilized in an evaluation and management encounter. The correct elements are utilized to support the level of E&M coded along with a self-audit program to ensure ethical billing occurs. Guidelines for the history of present illness, primary complaint, review of systems, family, social, and past histories are discussed, and how to document the same. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island NY, 2019

Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Overview:  This section is an in-depth overview of traumatic brain injury in concussion. It discusses that all brain injuries are traumatic and dispels the myth of a “mild traumatic brain injury.” Also, this covers triage protocols and the potential sequela of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Head Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury Part 1: This section discusses gross traumatic brain injuries from trauma and significant bleeding with both epidural and subdural hematomas. There are numerous case studies reviewed inclusive of neurosurgical intervention and postsurgical outcomes. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Head Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury Part 2: This section continues with multiple case studies of gross traumatic brain injuries from trauma requiring neurosurgical intervention and also discusses recovery sequela based upon the significance of brain trauma. This module also concludes with concussion protocols in traumatic brain injury short of demonstrable bleeding on advanced imaging. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Concussion And Electroencephalogram Testing: This section covers concussion etiology and cognitive sequela where gross bleeding has not been identified on advanced imaging. It discusses the significance of electroencephalogram testing in determining brain function and pathology (if present). This module also covers the understanding of waveforms in electroencephalogram testing in both normal and abnormal scenarios. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Concussion And Electroencephalogram Testing Pathological Results: This module covers amplitude, conduction and conduction delays as sequela to traumatic brain injury to diagnose concussion and traumatic brain injury in the absence of gross bleeding and advanced imaging. This section covers electroencephalograms and event-related potentials which measures the brain response that is a direct result of specific sensory or motor events. It is a stereotype electrophysiological response to a stimulus and provides a noninvasive means of evaluating brain function. In this module multiple case studies are discussed with ensuing triage protocols pending the results. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Electrodiagnostics: Electromyogram/Nerve Conduction Velocity (EMG/NCV), Diagnosis & Interpretation: Anatomy and Physiology of Electrodiagnostics: An in-depth review of basic neuroanatomy and physiology dermatomes and myotomes to both the upper and lower extremities and the neurophysiology of axons and dendrites along with the myelin and function of saltatory for conduction. The sodium and potassium pump’s function in action potentials. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Electrodiagnostics: Electromyogram/Nerve Conduction Velocity (EMG/NCV), Diagnosis & Interpretation: Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) Part 1: Nerve conduction velocity testing, the equipment required and the specifics of motor and sensory testing. This section covers the motor and sensory NCV procedures and interpretation including latency, amplitude (CMAP) physiology and interpretation including the understanding of the various nuances of the wave forms. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Electrodiagnostics: Electromyogram/Nerve Conduction Velocity (EMG/NCV), Diagnosis & Interpretation: Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) Part 2: Compound motor action potentials (CMAP) and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) testing and interpretation including the analysis and diagnosis of the wave forms. It also covers compressive neuropathies of the median, ulnar and posterior tibial nerves; known as carpal tunnel, cubital tunnel and tarsal tunnel syndromes. This section offers interpretation algorithms to help understand the neurodiagnostic conclusions. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Electrodiagnostics: Electromyogram/Nerve Conduction Velocity (EMG/NCV), Diagnosis & Interpretation: Needle Electromyogram (EMG) Studies: The EMG process, inclusive of how the test is performed and the steps required in planning and electromyographic study. This covers the spontaneous activity of motor unit action potential, positive sharp waves and fibrillations. The insertional activity (both normal and abnormal), recruitment activity in a broad polyphasic presentation and satellite potentials. This covers the diagnosing of patterns of motor unit abnormalities including neuropathic demyelinated neuropathies along with acute myopathic neuropathies. This section also covers the rules of false positive and false negative results. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Electrodiagnostics: Electromyogram/Nerve Conduction Velocity (EMG/NCV), Diagnosis & Interpretation: Overview of EMG and NCV Procedures, Results, Diagnoses and Documentation. The clinical incorporation of electrodiagnostic studies as part of a care plan where neuropathology is suspected. It also covers how to use electrodiagnostics in a collaborative environment between the chiropractor as the primary spine care provider and the surgeon, when clinically indicated. This section covers sample cases and health conclude and accurate treatment plans based upon electro-neurodiagnostic findings when clinically indicated. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Primary Spine Care 2: Spinal Trauma Pathology, Morphology of healthy and traumatized connective tissue and the permanency implication of adhesions, spinal disc morphology in the healthy and pathological patient as sequella to trauma in relationship to bulges, herniations, protrusions, extrusions and sequestrations. Aberrant spinal biomechanics and negative sequella to trauma. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Setauket, NY, 2019

Primary Spine Care 2: Utilizing Research in Trauma, The ability of your electronic health records to convey tissue pathology while documenting case studies, field experiments, randomized trials and systematic literature reviews, Introducing evidence based macros in documentation to support the literature and necessity of care. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Setauket, NY, 2019

Primary Spine Care 2: Chiropractic Evidence, Analyzing segmental pathology, adjusting vs. mobilization with cervicogenic headaches, Opioid alternatives and case management of mechanical spine pain based upon outcome studies. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Setauket, NY, 2019

Primary Spine Care 2: Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment Central Nervous System Processing, Literature reviews of mechanoreceptor, proprioceptor and nociceptor stimulation of later horn gray matter with periaqueductal stimulation affecting the thalamus and cortical regions with efferent distribution in disparate regions of the body in both pain and systemic stimulation. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Setauket, NY, 2019

Primary Spine Care - Credentials and Knowledge Base, The credentials and knowledge based on an academia perspective when cooperatively treating in a collaborative environment inclusive of understanding pathology and mechanical spine issues. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Primary Spine Care - Spinal Biomechanical Engineering and MRI Spine Interpretation, Integrating Spinal Biomechanical Engineering and MRI Spine Interpretation into a primary spine care model, inclusive of necessity and acquisition protocols. A comprehensive review of the latest evidence in documenting mechanical issues. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Primary Spine Care - Hospital Administration, Triage, Clinical Requirements and Collaborative Relationships with Medical Specialists, Understanding hospital and medical specialist’s care paths for mechanical spine pathology and integrating the Doctor of Chiropractic in the hospital and allopathic treatment protocols. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2019

Primary Spine Care - Contemporary Spine Research and Documentation, Central nervous system connection and the thalamus, hypothalamus connection in both ascending and descending central pathways with neuro-endocrine implications that have the mechanisms to be a component of Schizophrenia, Dementia and Alzheimer's with a linear relationship to the chiropractic spinal adjustment and chronic pain. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Evaluation and Management, An overview of the evaluation and management process inclusive of utilizing electronic medical records to conclude evidenced-based conclusions with the utilization of macros. The importance of adhering to an academic standard and considering co-morbidities. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Evaluation and Management, Concluding a chief complaint, history and what needs to be considered in a physical examination. This covers in dept the required elements for chief complaint, history of present illness, review of systems, and past, family, and/or social history. This module also covers the following components of a physical examination: observation, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Evaluation and Management, Coding and Spinal Examination: Detailing 99202-99205 and 99212-99215 inclusive of required elements for compliant billing. It reviews the elements for an extensive review of systems, cervical and lumbar anatomy and basic testing. The course also covers the basics of vertebra-basilar circulation orthopedic assessment. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Evaluation and Management, Neurological Evaluation: Reviewing complete motor and sensory evaluation inclusive of reflex arcs with an explanation of Wexler Scales in both the upper and lower extremities. The course breaks down testing for upper and lower motor neuron lesions along with upper and lower extremity motor and sensory testing examinations. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Evaluation and Management, Documenting Visit Encounters: Forensically detailing the S.O.A.P. note process for visit encounters and discussing the necessity for clinically correlating symptoms, clinical findings and diagnosis with the area(s) treated. It also details how to modify treatment plans, diagnosis, document collaborative care and introduce test findings between evaluations. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Evaluation and Management, Case Management and Treatment Orders: This module discusses how to document a clinically determined treatment plan inclusive of both manual and adjunctive therapies. It discusses how to document both short-term and long-term goals as well as referring out for collaborative care and/or diagnostic testing.  It also includes how to prognose your patient and determine when MMI (Maximum Medical Improvement) has been attained. Cleveland University, Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Documentation, Carrier Mandates and How the Guide ER and Lawyer Referrals, Documenting electrodiagnostics, concussion and disc pathology as reflective of clinical findings when collaborating with medical specialists in private practice and hospital settings or in the medical-legal arena. Ensuring complete documentation in the evaluation and management process for both the initial and re-evaluation processes. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Documentation in Medical Collaborative Cases, Concluding an E&M report in cases involving medical primary care providers of medical specialists that have complicated case histories, significant risk factors, and inconclusive findings. Triage and management of complicated cases require clinical evaluation, advanced imaging and electrodiagnostics. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

MRI Spine Interpretation and Protocols, Contemporary acquisition protocols including slice thicknesses and sequences inclusive of the ordering process. Interpretation of axial, sagittal and coronal views in T1, T2 and stir views inclusive of the disc, spinal cord, extra-dural and intra-dural pathology. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Ethics and Medical Collaboration, Having referral relationships with emergency rooms, neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, pain management specialists, neurologists, neuroradiologist and medical primary care providers based upon clinical dilemmas that are processed after a thorough history, examination and imaging if clinically indicated to conclude diagnostic dilemmas. Utilizing evidence-based protocols and acquisition of images and treatment pathways, collaborating with medical specialists and primaries to conclude and accurate treatment plan. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Documentation in a Medical – Legal and Insurances, Constructing and concluding an E&M (99202-99205) report that accurately reflects the history, clinical findings and management of trauma cases that concurrently meets the needs of both the carriers in the courts and ethical relationship that concurrently matches the standards of both contemporary academia requirements and a contemporary literature-based standard. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Interprofessional Hospital Spine Care, Trends in hospital and emergent care in the healthcare delivery system inclusive of policies, hospital staffing and current care paths for mechanical spine issues. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Evidenced Based Care in a Collaborative Setting; Primary Spine Care 5, A literature-based model for collaborating with hospitals, medical primary care providers and specialists. Reviewing the documentation requirements to communicate the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plans with medical entities and having the evidence as a basis for those recommendations. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2019

Current Literature Standards of MRI Spine Interpretation; Primary Spine Care 5, MRI Spine Interpretation of the spine. How to triage trauma and non-trauma with advanced imaging and document the necessity. We will also cover the basics of MRI Spine Interpretation inclusive of all types of herniations, bulges, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2019

Spine Brain Connection in Pain Pathways; Primary Spine Care 5, MRI Spine The spine-brain connection in managing chronic pain patients. Understanding how chronic pain negatively affects brain morphology and potential pathology as sequella. The role of chiropractic in preventing the loss of gray matter and the most recent evidence as outlined in indexed peer reviewed literature over the last 10 years verifying chiropractic’s role. Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2019

Bio-Neuro-Mechanical Mechanism of the Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment; Primary Spine Care 5, The biological, neurological and mechanical mechanisms and pathways from the thrust to the dorsal horn and brain connection and how the brain processes the chiropractic spinal adjustment based upon the literature. Care paths of chiropractic and physical therapy from an outcome basis, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division.  Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Cleveland University- Kansas City, Long Island, NY, 2019

Clinical Grand Rounds – Clinical Diagnosis and Management Traumatic Cervical Spine Injury with Pre-existing Fusion – A detailed review of physical examination and assessment of traumatic cervical spine injury in a patient with a pre-existing spinal fusion at C3-C5. Discussion of pre-existing disc bulges versus traumatically induced intervertebral disc herniation was reviewed. Clinical correlation to prior history, current history, physical examination findings, MRI T1, T2 and STIR images, dynamic flexion/extension radiographs were provided. Definition and discussion of Alteration of Motion Segment Integrity (AOMSI) and its correlation to mechanism of injury and sensory pain fiber test was presented. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Clinical Grand Rounds – Traumatic Cervical Disc Herniation and Associated Sternum Fracture – A case review of traumatically induced multi-level cervical disc herniation with associated Grade 2 Ligament Injury rated as sub-threshold. Review of case history, physical examination findings, plain film radiographs, cervical spine MRI and bone scan. Radiographic analysis and objectification of grade 2 sprain was presented and its correlation to the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment 5^th edition was reviewed. Review of the purpose, function and positive findings on bone scan was reviewed and demonstrated using patient’s fractured sternum. Interprofessional communication both verbally and through proper evidence-based documentation was emphasized and discussed. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic, Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion, Differentially diagnosing mild traumatic brain injury vs. traumatic brain injury and the clinical and imaging protocols required to conclude an accurate diagnosis for head trauma. Cleveland University - Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctorial Division, Long Island, NY, 2019

Stroke Anatomy and Physiology: Brain Vascular Anatomy, The anatomy and physiology of the brain and how blood perfusion affects brain function. A detailed analysis of the blood supply to the brain and the physiology of ischemia. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Stroke Anatomy and Physiology: Stroke Types and Blood Flow, Various types of stroke identifying ischemia, hypoperfusion, infarct and penumbra zones and emboli. Cardiac etiologies and clinical features as precursors to stroke with associated paradoxical emboli and thrombotic etiologies. Historical and co-morbidities that have etiology instroke inclusive of diabetes, coagulopathy, acquired and hereditary deficiencies. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Stroke Principles of Treatment an Overview for the Primary Care Provider, Stroke type and treatments performed by vascular specialists. The goals of treatment with the physiology of the infarct and penumbra zones and the role of immediate triage in the primary care setting. Detailing the complications of stroke and future care in chiropractic, primary care or manual medicine clinical setting. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Clinical Evaluation and Protocols for Identifying Stroke Risk, The neurological history and examination for identifying stroke risks with a focus on supra and infratentorial regions, upper and lower motor lesions, cranial nerve signs, spinal cord pathology, motor and sensory pathology and gait abnormalities. Examining genetic and family histories along with dissection risk factors. Stroke orthopedic testing and clinical guidelines pertaining to triage for the primary care provider. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Triage and Connective Tissue Injuries and Wound Repair, Triaging the injured and differentially diagnosing both the primary and secondary complaints. Connective tissue injuries and wound repair morphology focusing on the aberrant tissue replacement and permanency prognosis potential. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2019

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Ligament Anatomy and Injury Research and Spinal Kinematics, Spinal ligamentous anatomy and research focusing on wound repair, future negative sequelae of abnormal tissue replacement and the resultant aberrant kinematics and spinal biomechanics of the spine. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2019

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Spinal Biomechanics, Central Nervous System and Spinal Disc Nomenclature, The application of spinal biomechanical engineering models in trauma and the negative sequelae it has on the central nervous system inclusive of the lateral horn, periaqueductal grey matter, thalamus and cortices involvement. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2019

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Biomechanics of Traumatic Disc Bulge and Age Dating Herniated Disc Pathology, The biomechanics of traumatic disc bulges as sequelae from trauma and the comorbidity of ligamentous pathology. Age-dating spinal disc pathology in accordance with Wolff’s Law. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2019

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Clinical Grand Rounds, The review of case histories of mechanical spine pathology and biomechanical failures inclusive of case histories, clinical findings and x-ray and advanced imaging studies. Assessing comorbidities in the triage and prognosis of the injured. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2019

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Research Perspectives, The review of current literature standards in spinal trauma pathology and documentation review of biomechanical failure, ligamentous failure and age-dating disc pathology. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2019

Orthopedic Testing: Principles, Clinical Application and Triage, Integration of orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Orthopedic Testing: Cervical Spine, Integration of cervical orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 20129

Orthopedic Testing: Cervical Spine, Integration of cervical orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Orthopedic Testing: Lumbar Spine, Integration of lumbar orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Orthopedic Testing: Clinical Grand Rounds, how to integrate orthopedic testing in the clinical setting utilizing both simple and complex patient scenarios. It includes potential stroke, or vertebrobasilar insufficient patients and understanding the nuances in a clinical evaluation with orthopedic testing as a critical part of the evaluation and screening process. How to integrate orthopedic testing in the clinical setting utilizing both simple and complex patient scenarios. It includes potential stroke, or vertebrobasilar insufficient patients and understanding the nuances in a clinical evaluation with orthopedic testing as a critical part of the evaluation and screening process. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Medical-Legal-Insurance Documentation, Accurate and compliant documentation of history and clinical findings inclusive of functional losses, loss of activities of daily living, duties under duress and permanent loss of enjoyment of life. Prognosing static vs. stable care, gaps in care both in the onset and in the middle of passive care with a focus on detailed diagnosing. The integration of chiropractic academia, the court system and the insurance reimbursor’s requirements for complete documentation. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cartesian System, The Cartesian Coordinate System from history to the application in the human body. Explanation of the x, y and z axes in both translation and rotations (thetas) and how they are applicable to human biomechanics. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cervical Pathobiomechanics, Spinal biomechanical engineering of the cervical and upper thoracic spine. This includes the normal and pathobiomechanical movement of both the anterior and posterior motor units and normal function and relationship of the intrinsic musculature to those motor units. Nomenclature in reporting normal and pathobiomechanical findings of the spine. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Lumbar Pathobiomechanics, Spinal biomechanical engineering of the lumbar spine. This includes the normal and pathobiomechanical movement of both the anterior and posterior motor units and normal function and relationship of the intrinsic musculature to those motor units. Nomenclature in reporting normal and pathobiomechanical findings of the spine. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Spinal Biomechanics in Trauma, To utilize whiplash associated disorders in various vectors of impact and whiplash mechanisms in determining pathobiomechanics. To clinically correlate annular tears, disc herniations, fractures, ligament pathology and spinal segmental instability as sequellae to pathobiomechanics from trauma. The utilization of digital motion x-ray in diagnosing normal versus abnormal facet motion along with case studies to understand the clinical application. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering & Organizational Analysis, Integrating spinal biomechanics and pathobiomechanics through digitized analysis. The comparison of organized versus disorganized compensation with regional and global compensation. Correlation of the vestibular, ocular and proprioceptive neurological integration in the righting reflex as evidenced in imaging. Digital and numerical algorithms in analyzing a spine. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cervical Digital Analysis, Digitizing and analyzing the cervical spine in neutral, flexion and extension views to diagnose pathobiomechanics. This includes alteration of motion segment integrity (AMOSI) in both angular and translational movements. Ligament instability/failure/pathology are identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies to analyze pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Lumbar Digital Analysis, Digitalizing and analyzing the lumbar spine images to diagnose pathobiomechanics. This includes anterior and posterior vertebral body elements in rotational analysis with neutral, left and right lateral bending in conjunction with gate analysis. Ligament instability/failure/pathology is identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies for analysis of pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm along with corrective guidelines. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Full Spine Digital Analysis, Digitalizing and analyzing the full spine images to diagnose pathobiomechanics as sequellae to trauma in relation to ligamentous failure and disc and vertebral pathology as sequellae. This includes anterior and posterior vertebral body elements in rotational analysis with neutral, left and right lateral bending in conjunction with gate analysis. Ligament instability/failure/pathology is identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies for analysis of pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm along with corrective guidelines. Cleveland University Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2019

MRI History and Physics, Magnetic fields, T1 and T2 relaxations, Nuclear spins, phase encoding, spine echo, T1 and T2 contrast, magnetic properties of metals and the historical perspective of the creation of NMR and MRI.  Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Spine Anatomy and Protocols, Normal anatomy of axial and sagittal view utilizing T1, T2, 3D gradient and STIR sequences of imaging.  Standardized and desired protocols in views and sequencing of MRI examinations to create an accurate diagnosis in MRI. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Disc Pathology and Spinal Stenosis, MI interpretation of bulged, herniated, protruded, extruded, sequestered and fragmented disc pathologies in etiology and neurological sequelae in relationship to the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Spinal Pathology, MRI interpretation of bone, intradural, extradural, cord and neural sleeve lesions.  Tuberculosis, drop lesions, metastasis, ependymoma, schwannoma and numerous other spinal-related tumors and lesions. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Methodology of Analysis, MRI interpretation sequencing of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine inclusive of T1, T2, STIR an d3D gradient studies to ensure the accurate diagnosis of the region visualized. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Clinical Application, The clinical application of the results of space occupying lesions. Disc and tumor pathologies and clinical indications of manual and adjustive therapies in the patient with spinal nerve root and spinal cord insult as sequalae. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Protocols and Clinical Necessity, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images. Clinical indication for the utilization of MRI and pathologies of disc in both trauma and non-trauma sequalae, including bulge, herniation, protrusion, extrusion and sequestration. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Interpretation of Lumbar Degeneration/Bulges, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar degeneration.  With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrates, Schmorl’s nodes and herniations.  Central canal and cauda equina compromise interpretation with management. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Interpretation of Lumbar Herniations, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar herniations.  With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrates, Schmorl’s nodes and herniations.  Morphology of lumbar disc pathologies of central and lateral herniations, protrusions, extrusions, sequestration, focal and broad based herniations are defined and illustrated.  Central canal and cauda equina compromise interpretation with management. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Interpretation of Cervical Degeneration/Bulges, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE, and sagittal images in the interpretation of cervical degeneration.  With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrates, Schmorl’s nodes and herniations.  Spinal cord and canal compromise interpretation with management. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Interpretation of Cervical Herniations, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR Axial, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar herniations.  With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrates, Schmorl’s nodes and herniations. Morphology of lumbar disc pathologies of central and lateral herniations, protrusions, extrusions, sequestration, focal and broad based herniations are defined and illustrated. Spinal cord and canal compromise interpretation with management. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

MRI Interpretation of Degenerative Spine and Disc Disease with Overlapping Traumatic insult to Both Spine and Disc, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR Axial, FFE, FSE, and sagittal images in the interpretation of degenerative spondylolisthesis, spinal canal stenosis, Modic type 3 changes, central herniations, extrusions, compressions, nerve root compressions, advanced spurring and thecal sac involvement from an orthopedic, emergency room, chiropractic, neurological, neurosurgical, physical medicine perspective. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Impairment Rating, The understanding and utilization of the protocols and parameters of the AMA Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment 6th Edition. Spine, neurological sequelae, migraine, sexual dysfunction, sleep and arousal disorders, station and gait disorders and consciousness are detailed for impairment rating. Herniated discs, radiculopathy, fracture, dislocation and functional loss are also detailed in relation to impairment ratings. Cleveland University - Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2018

Connective Tissue Pathology, Spinal Biomechanics as Sequella to Trauma, MRI Spine Interpretation, Ordering Protocols & Triaging the Injure, The latest research on the 6 ways to age-date disc herniations and bulges from trauma inclusive of disc pathology nomenclature. MRI ordering protocols, inclusive of Dixon format and fat-suppressed images. The neurology and pathology of connective tissue and the sequella of trauma at the biomechanical level leading to bio-neuro-mechanical failure. Contemporary "evidenced-based building blocks" for triaging and in a collaborative environment. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island NY, 2018

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Digitizing, integrating automated mensuration into creating treatment plans and determining maximum medical improvement. A literature-based study of normal vs. abnormal motor until function. Determining ligamentous laxity, alteration of motion segment integrity and pathological stress units and whole person impairments based upon the literature and academic standards, Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island NY, 2018

Science of the Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment and Vertebral Subluxation, The literature-based definitions of both the mechanisms the chiropractic adjustment and how it affects the central nervous system in pain pathways and systemic issues that is the arbiter for normal vs. abnormal function. The "physiological mechanisms" of how chiropractic spinal adjustment affects the peripheral and central nervous systems. Subluxation degeneration/Wolff's Law will be detailed from a literature perspective combined with the mechanism of subluxation (bio-neuro-mechanical lesion). A literature perspective on why "long-term" chiropractic care is clinically indicated as usual and customary to effectuate demonstrable biomechanical changes in the spine. An evidenced-based perspective of why physical therapy is a poor choice for spine as a 1^st referral option for any provider inclusive of literature. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island NY, 2018

Documentation, Collaboration, and Primary Spine Care, An academic basis for documentation that is usual and customary across professions in collaborative care. Maintaining ethical medical-legal relationships based upon Voir Dire and Daubert standards with ensuring a "4-corners" inclusive report. Ensuring Primary Care Status based upon an academic standard. Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island NY, 2018

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Analysis, Understanding spinal motor units as it relates to the Cartesian system and normal vs. pathological movement. Analyzing normal coupling functions of the spine in relations to gait and pelvic biomechanical function and determining stress units and standards of deviation of segmental dysfunction. Interpreting mensuration lines and block analysis beyond standards of deviation in spinal motor dysfunction about connective tissue failure.  Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, New York State Department of Education, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018 

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Pathology and Clinical Application, Integrating pathological function based upon the Cartesian system and digital mensuration in developing treatment plans with diagnosed connective tissue failures. Diagnosing corrective vs. clinical management scenarios when considering maximum medical improvement in both the chronic and acute, insidious and traumatically induced patient.  Cleveland University Kansas City, Chiropractic and Health Sciences, New York State Department of Education, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Neurodiagnostics, Imaging Protocols and Pathology of the Trauma Patient, An in-depth understanding of the protocols in triaging and reporting the clinical findings of the trauma patient. Maintaining ethical relationships with the medical-legal community. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2018

Diagnostics, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation and Triaging the Trauma Patient, An extensive understanding of the injured with clinically coordinating the history, physical findings and when to integrate neurodiagnostics. An understanding on how to utilize emergency room records in creating an accurate diagnosis and the significance of "risk factors" in spinal injury. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2018

Crash Dynamics and Its Relationship to Causality, An extensive understanding of the physics involved in the transference of energy from the bullet car to the target car. This includes G's of force, newtons, gravity, energy, skid marks, crumple zones, spring factors, event data recorder and the graphing of the movement of the vehicle before, during and after the crash. Determining the clinical correlation of forces and bodily injury. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2018

MRI, Bone Scan and X-Ray Protocols, Physiology and Indications for the Trauma Patient, MRI interpretation, physiology, history and clinical indications, bone scan interpretation, physiology and clinical indications, x-ray clinical indications for the trauma patient. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2018

Neurodiagnostic Testing Protocols, Physiology and Indications for the Trauma Patient, Electromyography (EMG), Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV), Somato Sensory Evoked Potential (SSEP), Visual Evoked Potential (VEP), Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAER) and Visual-Electronystagmosgraphy (V-ENG) interpretation, protocols and clinical indications for the trauma patient. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2018

Documentation and Reporting for the Trauma Victim, Understanding the necessity for accurate documentation and diagnosis utilizing the ICD-9 and the CPT to accurately describe the injury through diagnosis. Understanding and utilizing state regulations on reimbursement issues pertaining to healthcare. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2018

Documenting Clinically Correlated Bodily Injury to Causality, Understanding the necessity for accurate documentation, diagnosis and clinical correlation to the injury when reporting injuries in the medical-legal community. Documenting the kinesiopathology, myopathology, neuropathology, and pathophysiology in both a functional and structural paradigm. Cleveland University – Kansas City, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, New York, 2018

Accident Reconstruction: Terms, Concepts and Definitions, The forces in physics that prevail in accidents to cause bodily injury. Quantifying the force coefficients of vehicle mass and force vectors that can be translated to the occupant and subsequently cause serious injury. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Accident Reconstruction: Causality, Bodily Injury, Negative Acceleration Forces, Crumple Zones and Critical Documentation, Factors that cause negative acceleration to zero and the subsequent forces created for the vehicle that get translated to the occupant. Understanding critical documentation of hospitals, ambulance reports, doctors and the legal profession in reconstructing an accident. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Accident Reconstruction: Skid Marks, Time, Distance, Velocity, Speed Formulas and Road Surfaces, The mathematical calculations necessary utilizing time, distance, speed, coefficients of friction and acceleration in reconstructing an accident. The application of the critical documentation acquired from an accident site. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Accident Reconstruction: Research, Causality and Bodily Injury, Delta V issues correlated to injury and mortality, side impact crashes and severity of injuries, event data recorder reports correlated to injury, frontal impact kinematics, crash injury metrics with many variables and inquiries related to head restraints. Cleveland University – Kansas City, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Documenting Trauma and Non-Trauma Cases & Triaging Disc Pathology, Triage, care and collaboration for herniated, bulged, protruded, extruded and fragmented spinal discs. Compliant documentation of evaluation and management of new and established patients inclusive of chief complaint, history of present illness, review of systems, past-family-social histories with case management protocols and the required elements. Clinically coordinating treatment with subjective complaints, clinical findings and diagnosis for each encounter.  Cleveland University-Kansas City Chiropractic and Health Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2018

Perinatal Neuroimmunity: Patterns of Interference, Completed advanced coursework in perinatal neuroimmunology with review of normal and abnormal immune system function, current immunological research related to pregnant women and children, and contemporary immunology concepts and controversies affecting maternal and pediatric health.  International Chiropractic Pediatric Association, Chicago, IL 2018

Techniques: Thompson and Logan with an Infant Examination, Completed advanced training in Thompson and Logan chiropractic techniques with emphasis on neurological analysis, biomechanics, indications, patient positioning, corrective procedures, and hands-on clinical application. Training included modifications and special considerations for pediatric and pregnant populations. Additional coursework focused on comprehensive infant examination procedures, including primitive reflex assessment, tonal testing, spinal biomechanics, neurological evaluation, developmental observations, and age-appropriate functional health assessments for infants. International Chiropractic Pediatric Association, Denver, CO 2018

Evaluation and Adjusting Protocols - Correcting Primary Spinal and Cranial Subluxations Patterns, Completed advanced training in pediatric spinal and cranial assessment and adjusting techniques based on Sacro Occipital Technique (SOT) principles. Coursework focused on examination, evaluation, and correction of pediatric cranial and spinal subluxation patterns in children ages 0–18 months utilizing neurological indicators, meningeal and structural assessment methods, and objective evaluation protocols. Training emphasized specialized pediatric cranial and spinal corrective techniques applicable within clinical pediatric chiropractic practice.  International Chiropractic Pediatric Association, Chicago, IL 2018

Full-Spine Segmental Evaluation and Adjusting, Completed advanced pediatric chiropractic training in spinal analysis and full-spine adjusting techniques for newborn, infant, and toddler populations. Coursework included visual analysis, case history evaluation, muscle and motion palpation, and adjusting procedures adapted from Gonstead, Diversified, and Logan Basic techniques. Training also included use of pediatric drop-headpiece techniques and extensive hands-on application focused on identifying vertebral subluxation and delivering gentle, specific chiropractic adjustments for pediatric patients.  International Chiropractic Pediatric Association, Chicago, IL 2018

The Essentials of Chiropractic Care for Children. Completed advanced training in pediatric chiropractic assessment and adjusting techniques, including spinal assessment protocols and low-force chiropractic applications for infants and children. Training included demonstration and application of specialized pediatric examination and chiropractic adjusting techniques. International Chiropractic Pediatric Association, Chicago, IL, 2018

SELECTED TEACHING/INSTRUCTING/LECTURING/CONSULTING

Adjunct Instructor and Co-Instructor, Chiropractic Technique, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, IL, 2009 – 2012

Adjunct Faculty, Medical Assisting Courses, Northwestern Business College, Bridgeview, IL, 2008 - 2012

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Loftus, M.D., R., Studin, DC., M., Miller, D.C., A. (2025). Right Shoulder Discomfort in a 14-Year-Old Female Softball Pitcher and Outcome Assessments Through Chiropractic Care. Originally published on MedPix (National Institute of Health/National Library of Medicine). 2025. Currently in platform transition to BMJ Case Reports. National Institute of Health – National Library of Medicine.

Gerow, D.C., G., Loftus, M.D., R., Miller, D.C., A. (2024). Post MCV – Anterior Cervical Disc Fusion Involving C5-C6 And Outcome Assessments with Chiropractic Care. Originally published on MedPix (National Institute of Health/National Library of Medicine). 2024. Currently in platform transition to BMJ Case Reports. National Institute of Health – National Library of Medicine.

SELECTED MEMBERSHIPS

Academy of Chiropractic, Member, 2019 – Present

Illinois Chiropractic Society, Member, 2018 – Present

International Chiropractic Pediatric Association, Member, 2017 – Present

SELECTED HONORS AND AWARDS

Top 100 Chiropractors in Illinois, Chicago Magazine, 2014

SELECTED COMMUNITY SERVICE

April J. Miller, D.C.’s Lunch and Learn, Chicago, Illinois, 2018 – Present

New Life Covenant Church Southeast, Chicago, Illinois, 2015 - 2000