Highland Chiropractic Clinic — CV | US Chiropractic Directory

SELECTED OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY

Clinic Director / Chiropractor, Adams Chiropractic Clinic Inc., West Jordan, UT, 1998 - Present

Owner / Chiropractor, Vista Spine & Injury care center, West Jordan, UT, 2021 - Present

EDUCATION AND LICENSURE

Doctor of Chiropractic, Licensed in the State of Utah, License # 363476-1202, 1998- Present

Doctor of Chiropractic, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA. 1998

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part IV, 1998

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part III, 1997

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part II, 1996

National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Part I, 1995

Bachelor of Science, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA. 1998

SELECTED POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION, CERTIFICATIONS AND DIPLOMATES

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Role of a Spine Management Physician -

Outline and overview of what a Spine Management Physician is, and the present day need in healthcare. Details relating to the Doctor of Chiropractic filling that role with specific discussion related to WHY physical therapy, nurse practitioners or physician assistants are unable to fill this position. Overview of a spine manager’s role in the evaluation and triage of non-operative spine patients was presented. Introduction to the diagnosis of non-specific spine pain was outlined with focus on the needs of primary care, pain management and spinal surgeons. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Parker University, Alabama State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Kentucky Board of Chiropractic, Louisiana State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Florida Board of Chiropractic Medicine, Arizona Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards – PACE, 2023.

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Moving From a Curative Model of Spine

Care - A comprehensive look at the history of spinal care, degenerative changes and both regional and global spinal compensation. Outline the spine as a whole organ system that must be monitored in relation to physical activity, lifestyle, and traumatic patient history was discussed and presented. Application of spine management principles mirroring internal medicine disorders was presented and reviewed. Specific peer reviewed medically index research was presented outlining initial criteria for determining medical necessity of supportive spine care. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Parker University, Alabama State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Kentucky Board of Chiropractic, Louisiana State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Florida Board of Chiropractic Medicine, Arizona Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards – PACE, 2023.

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Interprofessional Communication with

Primary Care Physicians - Research trends and working with primary care physicians was outlined.

Focus on the conservative management of spinal conditions, aiding the primary care clinic and working to prevent unnecessary escalation of care. Reduction in opioid utilization and reduced surgery trends will be discussed. Research documenting modulation of pain at the central nervous system level with the chiropractic adjustment was presented. Application to real world scenarios including evaluation and management documentation was reviewed. Details of effective communication were presented including phone call, email, fax, and text messaging within the HIPAA compliance environment was discussed. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Parker University, Alabama State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Kentucky Board of Chiropractic, Louisiana State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Florida Board of Chiropractic Medicine, Arizona Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards – PACE, 2023.

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Interprofessional Communication with Pain

Management Physicians - Chiropractic diagnosis of spinal ligament pathology will be discussed in the context of co-management with pain management specialists. Specific review of the role of a fellowship trained interventional pain management physician in your community will be presented. Review of epidural steroid injection, medial branch block and spinal ablation will be presented in the context of when and how to refer. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Parker University, Alabama State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Kentucky Board of Chiropractic, Louisiana State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Florida Board of Chiropractic Medicine, Arizona Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards – PACE, 2023.

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Interprofessional Communication with the

Spine Surgeon - Spinal sagittal balance and spine surgery research trends will be reviewed.

Chiropractic’s role in the conservative management of spinal biomechanics pre-surgery and post-surgery will be outlined. Terminology and documentation requirements will be presented. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Parker University, Alabama State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Kentucky Board of Chiropractic, Louisiana State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Florida Board of Chiropractic Medicine, Arizona Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards – PACE, 2023.

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Anatomy and Physiology of the Healthy

Intervertebral Disc - Anatomy of the healthy intervertebral disc and its nerve supply will be reviewed. A brief overview of the biochemical structure of the intervertebral disc will be presented. The role of the intervertebral disc as a spinal stabilizer and its influence on facet joint function will be outlined. Specific attention will be given to radiologic vocabulary such as intervertebral disc herniation, extrusion, sequestration, and traumatic annular tears. MRI samples will be provided demonstrating

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Anatomy and Physiology of the Degenerated Intervertebral Disc - Anatomy of the degenerative intervertebral disc and its nerve supply will be reviewed. An overview of the biochemical process of intervertebral disc degeneration will be outlined. Specific attention will be given to the Pfirrmann Scale and radiographic terms such as desiccation, intervertebral disc bulge and degenerative annular tears.

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Basic Spinal Biomechanical Modeling –

Basic spinal biomechanical principles will be reviewed including sagittal spinal alignment and

coronal positioning in relation to the spinal facet joints. Research trends including symptomatic vs

asymptomatic spinal parameters will be presented in the context of the Doctor of Chiropractic as the portal of entry spine care provider.

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Spinal Ligament Histological Structure and

Function - Histology of ligament structure and function will be presented. Microanatomy and the wound repair process will be discussed. Structural deficits post ligament injury will be presented and reviewed. Anatomical positioning of ligamentous structures will be outlined with specific attention to the spinal enthesis and the difference between an enthesophyte and osteophyte in spinal degeneration.

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Spinal Ligament Traumatic Pathology -

Ligament pathology as a source of persistent spinal pain and dysfunction will be outlined and reviewed. Objectifying ligament injury will be presented, and context will be provided using plain film radiographs and MRI examples. Focus on facet capsules and interspinous ligament will be central to the discussion.

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Compliance and Documentation - Review of federal documentation guidelines with specific focus on CPT coding for initial and re-evaluation visits. Detailed outcomes of documentation audits by insurance carriers, regulator and special investigators will be presented in a case study format. Emphasis will be placed interprofessional communication and compliance.

2023 National Spine Management Conference South – Trends in Chiropractic Research - Review

and discussion of 2022/2023 research supporting the chiropractic profession and the

doctor of chiropractor as a spine care manager. Specific papers will be presented related to the pain management, corrective, and health maintenance phases of chiropractic care. Overview of current and future research trends will be demonstrated.

Specialty Research in Pain Management – Clinical and Procedural – Growth of Interventional PainManagement Techniques and Current Trends in Pharmacological Management of NeuropathicPain. ESI comparison to gabapentin in lumbosacral radicular pain – current trends and future progress of pain management interventions. Mode of action, required dosage, advantages and side effects profiles of currently available pharmacological approaches. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Pain Management – Clinical and Procedural – Therapeutic Effects of Spinal
Injection Therapy - Facet, medial branch blocks, prolotherapy and epidural interventions utilization
within the Medicare population, effectiveness on lumbar central canal stenosis with and without steroids and effect on prevention of spinal surgery, herniated disc, fibromyalgia and chronic musculoskeletal pain. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Pain Management – Clinical and Procedural – Adverse Events Associated
with Injection Therapy – transforaminal and interlaminar epidural steroid injections, anesthesia
technical considerations, effects on cervical radiculopathy midline versus paramedian approaches and perineurial injection of autologous conditioned serum. Review of FDA risk assessment.
National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Pain Management – Clinical and Procedural – Correlation of MRI Findings
and Injection Outcomes - MODIC Changes on MRI and effectiveness of facet injection, facet joint
signal change on MRI with fat suppression comparison with SPECT/CT. Discussion of Modic 1, 2 and 3 with correlation of clinical outcomes and patient selection criteria. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Pain Management – Clinical and Procedural – Therapeutic Effects of
Botulinum Toxin and Dry-Needling in Myofascial Pain Syndrome – cost effectiveness, patient
response and triage of therapeutic interventions. Physiological review of trigger point etiology and
clinical presentation of acute and chronic pain. Functional response of intervention including relief and recurrence. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Pain Management – Clinical and Procedural – Systematic Review Technical
Considerations in Cervical Epidural Analgesia - Chemical blockage of cervical nerve roots, review of anatomical structures and correlation with MRI imaging. Blockage effects on the respiratory, circulatory and neurological systems. Review of cervical epidural space (CES) borders and variants in patient population. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Pain Management – Clinical and Procedural – Trends in opioid analgesic
abuse and mortality in the USA, Evaluation of Opioid Pain Management in Injured Children,
assessment of opioid reporting in Veteran Affairs – Emergency visitation in pediatric injury, pain
management and adoption of best practices. Trends in use of prescription opioid medication using
RADARS (Research Abuse, Diversion and Addiction Related Surveillance System), comparison between legitimate pharmacy channels and diversion and abuse. Opioid use prevalence and incidents in Veteran Affairs, new prescriptions or long-term conversion and relationship to persistent growth in opioid use. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Pain Management – Clinical and Procedural – Electrodiagnostic Testing,
Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection, Intra-articular Facet Joint Injection, Spinal
Manipulation Post-Epidural Injection– Needle EMG, active versus chronic denervation in lumbar,
cervical spinal pathologies and differential diagnosis of spinal stenosis and intervertebral disc
herniation. Systematic review of facet joint injections, clinical trials and conservative therapy in lower back pain. Results of spinal manipulation post-epidural injection in the cervical spine. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Pain Management – Clinical and Procedural – Radiofrequency Ablation and
outcome measures - medication, function and pain in relation to pain of spinal origin. Medial
Branch Block as prognostic tool prior to lumbar facet radiofrequency denervation. Clinical comparison disc herniation, disc bulge, cervical and lumbar radiculopathy. Diagnosis and patient triage correlation to anatomical spine structures. Long, short term risk factors and outcomes in radiofrequency ablation. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Pain Management – Clinical and Procedural – Role of Cannabinoids in Pain
Management – review of pharmacological, botanical or synthetic origins of cannabinoids. Mechanism of action in alleviation of pain including analgesic, anti-inflammatory effects, modular actions on neurotransmitters and interactions with prescribed or endogenous opioids. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine,2022.

Specialty Research in MRI Physics – The Hardware – magnet types including permanent, resistiveand superconducting magnets. Volume RF, surface, quadrature and phase array coils and other hardware necessary for the generation of MRI imaging. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in MRI Physics – Physics of Image Generation 1 – magnetization, excitation,
relaxion, acquisition, computing and display. T1 relaxion and relaxation curves, T2 relaxation, phase and phase coherence, T2 relaxion curves. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in MRI Physics – Physics of Image Generation 2 – gradient coils, signal coding
including slice encoding gradient, phase encoding gradient, Frequency encoding gradient. Gradient
specifications and slice thickness. Filling k-space, k-space symmetry and k-space filling technique.
National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in MRI Physics – Physics of Image Generation 3 – pulse sequences, spine echo sequences including multi-slicing and multi-echo sequencing. T1, T2, proton density contrast and their applications. Turbo spine echo, fast advanced spine echo (HASTE) sequence and gradient echo sequence. Inversion recovery sequence including STIR and FLAIR sequence. Choosing the right sequence pros and cons, T1, T2 and PD parameters. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in MRI Physics – Physics of Image Generation – technical parameters and
artifacts – repetition time, echo time, flip angle, inversion time, number of acquisitions, matric and field of view. Slice thickness, slice gap, phase encoding direction 1 and direction 2 and relation to bandwidth. Motion artifact, para-magnetic artifact, phase wrap artifact, susceptibility artifact, clipping artifact, spine and zebra artifacts. Effects on image quality and acquisition. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – radiographic evolution of a Schmorl’s node – acute Schmorl’s node and progression to chronic stage comparison to serial MRI. Endplate fracture and acute presentation and correlation to clinical findings and pain patterns. Presentation in plain film radiograph and MRI images were compared and contrasted in both acute and chronic stages. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – syringomyelia, fluid dynamics and spinal cord motion –
scoliosis curve patters and syrinx characteristics versus Chiari I malformation. Normal MRI appearance and motion artifacts related to cerebral spinal fluid motion related phenomena and common appearances on MRI imaging. Syrinx wall and fluid motion and correlation to cardiac cycle with comparison between systolic and diastolic presentations. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – Spinal Biomechanics, Thoracolumbar Deformity and
Surgical Outcomes – full spine analysis, adjacent spinal biomechanics and its impact on surgical
outcomes. Sagittal alignment pelvis to cervical spine and association with kyphosis and lordosis
mechanical positioning. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing
Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State
University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – MRI and EMG comparison in denervated muscle diagnosis
– lumbar spine pathology and age in relation to paraspinal muscle size and fatty infiltration. Fatty
degeneration of paraspinal muscle in degenerative lumbar kyphosis and CT versus MRI digital analysis. Positive correlations with edema on MRI and fibrillations, positive sharp waves, denervation and the level of reduced recruitment pattern. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – association between annular tear and disc degeneration –
high intensity zone (HIZ) in lumbar disc and association to annular fissure on MRI. Identification of duel HIZ and its relationship to acute inflammation and calcified tissue and its association with discogenic pain patterns. Influence of phenotype, population size and inclusion sequence. T1, T2 and STIR imaging comparison and correlation. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – degenerative cervical myelopathy – paraspinal muscle
morphology, clinical symptoms and functional status. Review of fatty infiltration, asymmetry findings and correlation with clinical symptoms and functional scores. Review of complex anatomical arrangement of superficial and deep muscle layers in the cervical spine, correlation to MRI findings. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – MRI Neurography, Diffuse Tensor Imaging (DTI) –
diagnostic accuracy and fiber tracking in spinal cord compression. Review of spinal cord structural
integrity, peripheral neuropathy and correlation to diffuse tensor imaging findings. Comparison in
combining DTI with T2 and T2 alone and its value in magnetic resonance neurography. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – Nomenclature and Classification of Lumbar Disc
Pathology – modified Pfirrmann grading system and lumbar disc degeneration. Consensus driven
description of intervertebral disc nomenclature including intervertebral disc bulge, herniation,
protrusion, broad based disc herniation, extrusion and sequestration. National Spine Management
Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic,
ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine,2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – MRI evaluation of intradural tumor – neuroimaging of
spinal tumors and correlation to histological study. Determining method of choice for evaluation, review of numerous types of intradural-extramedullary masses including meningioma and schwannoma. Signal intensities, contrast enhancement patterns, presence of cysts and other key differentiation findings of spinal cord tumors. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – Spinal Cord Compression, Myelomalacia, MRI Imaging
and Clinical Correlation – positional cervical spinal cord compression and fibromyalgia. T1 and T2
weighted images, comparison of hypo and hyperintense signals and extent of intramedullary changes on MRI. Review of MRI findings associated with myelomalacia and discussion of correlation with clinical findings. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – MRI Characteristics of Lumbar Facet Synovial Cyst –
formation characteristics of synovial cyst, relation to degenerative changes in spinal facet joints as
demonstrated on MRI. Pre and post-surgical procedural MRI were reviewed and compared. Surgical management and subsequent resection were demonstrated. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neuroradiology – Variability in MRI Diagnostic Error Rates – in depth review
of quality of MRI imaging and comparison to consistent MRI diagnosis between facilities. Errors of
interpretation in the study examinations were considered and presented. Impact of radiological
diagnosis, location of MRI study and reading radiologist and impact on treatment choice and clinical
outcomes. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery – Wrist Anatomy and Osseous Kinematics –normal kinematics using biplanar radiographic model were reviewed. Discussion of extensive database of carpal bone anatomy and kinematics from a large number of healthy subjects. 3-D motion of each bone was calculated for each wrist position and discussed. Database constructed including high-resolution surface models, measures of bone volume and shape, and the 3-D kinematics of each segmented bone. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery – Normal Motion of the Shoulder and
Glenohumeral Instability – normal motion of the shoulder joint compared with clinical implications of
glenohumeral joint instability including surgical recommendations. Review and overview of the
anatomy of the glenohumeral joint, emphasis on instability based on the current literature.
Description of detailed anatomy and anatomical variants of the glenohumeral joint associated with
anterior and posterior shoulder instability. National Spine Management Group, Federation of
Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery – Orthopedic Testing and Shoulder Pathology
Diagnosis - use of orthopedic special tests (OSTs) to diagnose shoulder pathology and clinical
examination. Review OST clusters, examination of methodology and illustration of their use in arriving at a pathology-based diagnosis. Discussion of examination of the biceps tendon and clinical relevance. Review of SLAP lesion and shoulder impingement syndrome were reviewed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine,2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery – Electrodiagnostic Testing and Carpal
Tunnel Syndrome – Review of the most common mononeuropathy in the human body. Relationship
between clinical findings, neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing in the diagnosis of
carpal tunnel syndrome. Acute and chronic symptoms including progression of the disorder were
reviewed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery – Current Concepts in Elbow Disorders –
Detailed anatomy of osseus, ligamentous and muscular structure of the elbow was reviewed. Common disease of elbow disorders and their treatment was discussed. Lateral epicondylitis and medial collateral ligament injury of the elbow were outlined. Rheumatoid arthritis, posttraumatic
osteoarthritis, and elderly patients with comminuted distal humeral fractures. Surgical design and
technique were outlined. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing
Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State
University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery – Differentiating Cervical Spine from
Shoulder Pathology – anatomical review of cervical spine and glenohumeral joint focus on similarities and differences. Cervical disorders masking shoulder pain, cervical radiculopathy, cervical spondylotic myelopathy, facet and discogenic pain patterns were outlined. Details of shoulder pathology parsonage- tuner syndrome, subscapular neuropathy and thoracic outlet were presented. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery – MRI of the Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle –
review of MRI analysis of scapular fracture. Detailed review of scapular function rehabilitation and
training on chronic pain syndromes. Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging versus arthroscopy for the diagnosis and classification of superior glenoid labrum anterior to posterior lesions. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery -Cataloging Movements of the Ankle, Hip and
Spine - Review Standardization and Terminology Committee (STC) of the International Society of
Biomechanics (ISB) and classification of joint kinematics. Standard for the local axis system in each
articulating bone is generated and presented. Rationale for international standards among researchers was presented. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards,Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery -Cataloging Movements of the Shoulder,
Elbow, Wrist and Hand - Review Standardization and Terminology Committee (STC) of the
International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) and classification of joint kinematics. Standard for the local axis system in each articulating bone is generated and presented. Rationale for international standards among researchers was presented. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery – MRI and Diagnosis of Shoulder Disorders –
normal and abnormal shoulder anatomy as viewed on MRI was presented. Review and presentation of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of brachial plexus injury. Discussion of preganglionic avulsions and muscular denervation. Comparison of CT myelography to MRI myelography were outlined. Enhanced three dimensional T1 high-resolution isotropic volume excitation MR in the evaluation of shoulder pathology. Comparison with two-dimensional enhanced T1 fat saturation MRI were discussed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Extremity Surgery – Clinical Evaluation of Upper and Lower
Extremity Pathology – review of relevant anatomy in shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle was
presented. Physical examination including orthopedic, neurological and range of motion testing was
presented and compared with findings on MRI results. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Fusion Surgery and Lumbar Stenosis – efficacyof fusion and decompression surgery in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Review of degenerative spondylolisthesis and patient selection criteria. Discussion of correlation of MRI, CT findings and clinical evaluation. Review of sedimentation sign on MRI and indications of prognostic factors. Surgery versus nonsurgical treatment outlined and outcomes discussed. Compensation for lumbar spinal stenosis and clinical sagittal plane deformity was presented. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion and
Adjacent Segment Degeneration (ASD) – adjacent segment degeneration as major consequence of
spinal fusion. Review of occurrence and location with correlation between surgical outcomes were
discussed. Discussion of age, BMI and pre-existing stenosis in cranial adjacent segment as risk factors. ASD prevalence in radiographic evidence between cranial and caudal segments were reviewed. Presentation of risk factors and pre-operative radiological features. Facet sagittalization and tropism were discussed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Morbidity and Mortality Predictions in Spinal
Surgery – Review of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) Physical Status Classification System. Review of index outcomes and relation to costs of care. Discussion of index rating and likelihood of complications. Review of classification system in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leaks. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Spondylolisthesis, clinical and radiographic
classifications - classification system that considers disc space height, sagittal alignment and translation, and the absence or presence of unilateral or bilateral leg pain was discussed. Detailed review of spondylolisthesis etiology, clinical presentation and imaging findings was reviewed. Review of inter and interobserver reliabilities of radiographic and clinical criteria. Review of consensus driven treatment options for degenerative spondylolisthesis presented. Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) in degenerative disc disease with associated spondylolisthesis grade I was reviewed and correlated. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Sagittal Alignment and Spinal Surgery, Clinical
Outcomes and Follow up – discussion of outcomes and sagittal alignment in single unilateral
transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Detailed review of surgical TLIF procedure and
associated mid and long-term clinical outcomes. Discussion and presentation of influence of pelvic
incidents and lumbar lordosis mismatch and post-operative residual symptoms. Analysis of adjacent
segment disease following fusion. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic
Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the
State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Complications and Outcomes in Adult Spinal
Deformity Surgery – review of surgical approaches and complications in correction of adult spinal
deformity. Relevance of age, comorbidities, blood loss, osteoporosis and smoking were discussed.
Discussion of Cobb Angle, Sagittal Vertical Axis, Pelvic Tilt, Thoracic Kyphosis were reviewed and
examined in relation to transpsoas lateral interbody fusion (LIF), percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Comparison between minimally invasive and
traditionally open procedures was provided and reviewed. Discussion of minimally invasive surgery
options were emphasized and outcomes reviewed with correlation to diagnosis and procedural coding. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Surgical Interventions in Lumbar Disc Herniation – review of differences in surgical treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation. Clinical correlation between plain film radiography, MRI studies and clinical presentation were reviewed. Data on frequency in management of recurrent lumbar intervertebral disc herniations presented. Duration of symptoms and influence of patient outcomes in sciatica patients undergoing micro-discectomy and decompressions. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Length of Stay in Lumbar Spinal Surgery –
discussion on epidemiology of lumbar surgery outcomes and hospital stay. Correlation to clinical
presentation and comorbidities were reviewed. Outline of decompression and instrumental fusion in the lumbar spine. Review of costs of lumbar surgery, trends in hospital stay and costs both on a cumulative and daily basis. Comparison of the nationwide inpatient sample and national surgical quality improvement program databases for lumbar spine fusion procedures was reviewed and presented. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Pre-Surgical Planning and Implant Design – 3-D
printing and surgical planning discussion a variety of historical materials in the creation of patient
specific implants based on unique individual anatomy. Historical trends in the creation of prosthetics
with 3-D modeling software using neuroimaging data. Review of treatment complex spinal pathologies and surgical planning was discussed. Outline of current and future barriers to global implementation and commercialization was reviewed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Spine Surgery Procedures in Medical Specialty
Training – discussion of current spine surgery training including fellowship programming in the United States. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) cases logs were reviewed and discussed. Variability of procedures within programs and between medical specialty programs were outlined. Differential utilization between orthopedic and neurosurgical fellows was reviewed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Orthopedic Spine Surgery – Cerebral Spinal Fluid Dynamics, Central
Nervous System Pathology and Intracranial Hypotension – pathophysiology and various craniospinal disorders. Directional phase contrast MRI (4D Flow) was reviewed along with the anatomical and physiological properties of cerebral spinal fluid. Specific disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, hydrocephalus, Chiari Malformation and syringomyelia. Clinical correlation of CSF dynamics to understanding disease process was reviewed including normal and abnormal flow patterns. Recent advancements in fluid flow studies were outlined and presented. Signal intensity changes on MRI study in cervical spondylotic myelopathy was discussed and compared to normal parameters. Fluid dynamics patterns within syringomyelia and Chiari malformation was discussed and correlated to MRI findings and clinical presentations. Spinal microsurgical exploration surgery and resultant CSF leak and spontaneous intractable intracranial hypotension was reviewed and its pathoanatomical presentation outlined. Review of the natural and surgical history of Chiari malformation Type I in pediatric population and clinical correlation with MRI studies. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neurosurgery – Anatomy and Physiology of the Blood Brain Barrier – Reviewof consequences of alterations in homeostatic control of the neuronal environment. Discussion of blood flow alterations and altered vessel permeability as determinants in the pathophysiology of brain injury. Review present day literature on the anatomy, development and physiological mechanisms of the blood–brain barrier. The blood brain barrier’s role in the maintenance of the extracellular environment. Vascular anatomy of the spinal cord was review in relation to the physiology of the neural environment. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neurosurgery – Spinal Cord Anatomy, Physiology and Vascular Reactivity –
detailed review of the blood supply of the spinal cord, anatomy of the vascular system and physiology of blood flow. Pathophysiology of various conditions including Thoracic Aortic Occlusion and Spinal Cord Injury were discussed with specific relation to risk of neurological deficit. Severity and duration as an effect was reviewed and correlated clinically. Cerebral circulation and aging, discussion of effects on cognitive functioning and cerebrovascular disease in aging. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neurosurgery – Upper Cervical Spine Anatomy and Cerebral Spinal Fluid
Flow – MRI flow imaging and computational fluid dynamics in healthy patients with Chiari
Malformations. Review of abnormal cerebral spinal fluid flow oscillations and their effects on healthy
patients. Discussion of nonlaminar complex spatial and temporal variations with associated pressure waves and pressure gradients causing syringomyelia, headaches and other clinical manifestations in Chiari I malformation. Microsurgical anatomy and internal architecture of brainstem in 3D images and surgical considerations. CSF hydrodynamic changes, spinal cord injury and development of post traumatic syringomyelia (PTSM). Impact of spinal cord nerve roots and denticulate ligaments on cerebral fluid dynamics in the cervical spine was reviewed and discussed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine,2022.

Specialty Research in Neurosurgery – Compression and Degeneration in Chronic Nerve Root
Entrapment – differentiation between peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots and effects of
electrostimulation. Discussion of various stimulating or recording neurosurgical implants and success vs failure rates. Review of the nerve root compression and its relation to consequences of disc herniation and acute compression during surgery. Maximum pressure level a spinal nerve root can sustain is reviewed. Discussion of microsurgical anatomy of lumbosacral nerve rootlets, Rhizotomy and chronic spinal cord injury. Review of qualitative grading of severity of lumbar spinal stenosis on morphology of dural sac on MRI studies, review of classification systems and the consideration of impingement of neural tissue. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neurosurgery – Anatomy of Circle of Willis, Cerebral Arteries and Stroke
Etiology – discussion of stroke by embolism, source and cause in diagnosis and long-term treatment. Review of complex nature of embolus transport and its relation to etiology. Image based hemodynamics with discrete particle dynamics in relation to the distribution of emboli across the various cerebral arteries. Detailed anatomy of Circle of Willis reviewed and discussed with particular focus on size/inertia dependent trends in embolus distribution to the brain, distribution of cardiogenic versus aortogenic emboli among anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries, left versus right brain preference in cardio-embolus and aortic emboli transport and source-destination relationship for embolisms affecting the brain. Detailed review of the microsurgical anatomy of the posterior cerebral artery in three dimensional images. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neurosurgery – Stroke Therapy, Implementation and Cost-Effectiveness –
review of endovascular therapy in addition to standard care in acute ischemic vessel occlusion stroke. Comparison in National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) score, symptom onset, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and occlusion location. Considerations in acute management and revascularization of tandem occlusions in acute ischemic stroke with literature review. Discussion of Transcirculation Pipeline embolization device deployment as a rescue technique. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neurosurgery – Surgical Approaches and Outcomes in Spine Surgery 1 –
review of historical interventions, multilevel decompression and instrumented fusion in reduction of
neural compression and spinal column stabilization. Discussion of morbidity and mortality in relation to surgical procedures. The use of the modified fragility index to predict 30-day morbidity and mortality from spine surgery. Differences in patient selection for minimally invasive versus open surgical procedures, and review of post-surgical outcomes. Morbidity, mortality and health care costs for patients undergoing spine surgery following ACGME resident duty-reform. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Neurosurgery – Surgical Approaches and Outcomes in Spine Surgery 2
Predisposing factors for dural tears in lumbar spine surgery including degenerative conditions, prior
surgery and age related indicators were reviewed. Discussion and review of re-admission rages in spine surgery through metanalysis and systematic review. Bibliometric study of the most important minimally invasive (MIS) spine surgery papers including Level III and IV studies with focus on moving toward Level I and Level II. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – Emergency Medicine and Spine Pain – review of lackof guidelines for the management of lower back pain in the ED. Frequency of lower back pain visitation in the emergency department including environmental/sociocultural dimensions andphysical/psychospiritual dimensions were reviewed. Discussion of utilization of significant healthcare resources with complete description of lower back pain characteristics, health services use in non-urgent lower back pain patients presenting to the ED. Managing spine pain in the ED using usual and customary medical intervention. Extent of appropriate CT and MRI scans in the hospital setting, accessibility reviewed in conjunction with presented national data. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – Medication Usage and Motor Vehicle Accidents –
review of ADHD medication utilization and motor vehicle accident data and frequency of motor vehicle accident sin this specific patient population. Review of the prevalent and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality among patients and concepts of restricting based on prognostic factors. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022

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Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – Emergency Department Imaging Perspectives –
review of imaging protocols among a spectrum of clinical indications, perspective on aging populations and clinical complexity. Review of CT, MRI, plain film imaging and ultrasound and their relationships to internal medicine and musculoskeletal disorders examined on an emergency basis through patient generated national survey data. Details of specific contexts in which imaging has become concentrated and targeted efforts for optimization of utilization. considerations of utilization of CT in the emergency department and evaluation to increasing trends. Review of quality improvements in imaging utilization. Comparison between pediatric and adult imaging protocols and trends. Discussion and analysis of “Choose Wisely” recommendations and creating of guideline/policy/clinical pathways in New England EDs. MRI utilization in pediatric ED reviewed and analyzed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – Cauda Equina Syndrome and Other Emergent
Conditions – traumatic injuries to the thoracolumbar spine and overall impact on emergency services. Discussion of exact definitions of Conus Medullaris Syndrome (CMS) and Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES). Diagnosis in acute phase and radiological findings clinically correlating with physical examination findings. Parameters for spinal regions of traumatic injury were presented and reviewed. Case presentations for neck and spine were included and reviewed with particular focus on differential diagnosis and case uniqueness. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – Emergency Medicine Residency Curriculum – review
of Ohio State University Emergency Medicine Residency Program Musculoskeletal Emergencies
Curriculum. Outline of the significant nature of musculoskeletal emergency presentations to ED. Details in the training required to master clinical experience, self-directed learning and small group didactics. Case study reviews and discussion was presented with particular focus on infection vs non-infections and traumatic vs non-traumatic presentations in ED. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – Opioid vs Non-Opioid Medications in the Emergency
Department – discussion of limited evidence of long-term outcomes of opioids with non-opioid
medication for chronic pain. Literature review on effectiveness for opioid interventions. Discussion of alternative recommendations, evidence demonstrating lack of benefit and poor long term outcomes. Variation in physician opioid prescriptions discussed. Patterns of opioid initiation at first visits for pain in the ED in the United States including frequency and dosage. Emergency Department data concerning the persistent pain after motor vehicle accidents and comparison between opioid and NSAID prescribed in the ED. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – Concussion and Repeat ED visits – review of patients presenting to ED with concussion with re-visitation within 72 hours. Mechanism of injury including closed head injury, assault, fall and motor vehicle accidents discussed. Epidemiological evidence presented regarding number of visitations, characteristics and care paths reviewed. Discussion of adoption of a more comprehensive discharge plan to further prevent repeat visits was outlined. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – CDC Epidemiology of ED Visits in the United States,
Adults Over 65 and Motor Vehicle Accidents – Evaluation of data from the National Hospital
Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and frequency of ED visitation. Percentage of visits requiring hospital admission was reviewed along with patterns of need for critical care. Review of imaging ordering statistics and clinical diagnosis was discussed. Details of primary and secondary ED diagnosis presented in relation to sprain/strain, contusion and spinal pathology including herniated intervertebral disc, facture and spinal cord compression. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey –
a review of the current representative data on ambulatory care visits to hospital emergency departments in the United States. Demographics, residence, insurance class, chief complaint with focus on traumaticinjury, diseases of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems were outlined. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – Lower Back Pain and Emergency Room Visits –
detailed analysis of impact of lower back pain on ED globally. First systematic review of the trends in the literature including lower back pain as significant complaint and the variables in its definition.
Discussion of the proper diagnosis and triage of lower back pain and its current impact on ED
management was reviewed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality (SCIWORA) in Adults – case reports – detailed review of Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality was presented. Syndrome of post traumatic myelopathy demonstrable on MRI with no evidence of osseous injury on plain film or CT scan. Reporting of incidence was included withdetailed discussion of case presentations, accurate diagnoses and triage was reviewed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – CDC Traumatic Brain Injury Data – Related Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, Deaths – United States, 2007 and 2013 – traumatic brain injury, short and long term adverse clinical outcomes, death and disability reviewed and compared based on CDC data over a 7 year period. Mechanism of causation including motor vehicle accidents, falls and assault. Public health recommendations and interpretation of data was presented. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – CDC Data, Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack – relationship between stroke and statistical cause of death, type of stroke and prognosis related to recurrence was discussed. Specific definitions of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack with etiology and relationship to emergency visits were outlined and presented. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Emergency Medicine – US Emergency Department Use by Children –
pediatric utilization of emergency medicine resources, description of trends on a national basis. Detailed analysis of specific demographics including race and resident status were reported and reviewed. Discussion in allocation of resources including insurance class and coverage were reviewed. Anticipated expansion of Medicaid was considered and reviewed. Estimates of nonurgent ED visits by children were presented and discussed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Primary Care and Internal Medicine – Supply of Chiropractic Care and Visits to Primary Care Physicians for Neck and Back Pain – discussion of primary care visits and lower back pain. Expenditures and contributions to disability data. Discussion of supply of chiropractic care in context of visits for lower back pain and primary care physicians. Estimated national impact of primary care visits and expenditures was outlined with a focus on chiropractic’s assistance in managing lower back pain. Defining an “episode” of lower back pain and relationship to collection of epidemiological data. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Primary Care and Internal Medicine – Safety of Chiropractic Care in Lower
Back Pain and Migraine Headaches – review of adverse events associated with chiropractic care in thetreatment of migraine. Outline of a prospective 3-armed, single-blinded, placebo RCT. Discussion of transient and mild events following chiropractic intervention. Randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis reviewed and discussed relating to the diagnosis and management of lower back pain including adverse event reporting. Risk of injury to the head, neck or trunk following an office visit for chiropractic spinal manipulation, as compared to office visit for evaluation by primary care physician. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Primary Care and Internal Medicine – Chiropractic and Pain Management
in Primary Care – evaluation of the analgesic effects of spinal manipulation on both healthy and pain inflicted patients. Discussion of evidence of increased in pressure pain thresholds in musculoskeletal pain at both local and remote sites. Detailed knowledge of patient population regarding demographics and socioeconomic factors as well as disease-specific characteristics. Suggestion that lower back pain should not be seen as benign and self-limiting with focus on management. Describe the communication system surrounding the management of chronic pain from the perspectives of allopathic providers, acupuncture and chiropractor providers, and chronic musculoskeletal pain patients. Chiropractic manipulative treatment (CMT) association with lower healthcare costs among multiply-comorbid Medicare beneficiaries with an episode of chronic low back pain was reviewed. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Primary Care and Internal Medicine – Perceptions of Chiropractic Care –
demographic review of data on the perceptions of chiropractic care. Review of patient interest,
trustworthiness, costs and frequency of visits was discussed. Nationally representative survey to compare characteristics and use of survey respondents with positive and negative perceptions of DCs and chiropractic care. Positive perceptions of DCs were more common than those for chiropractic care. US adults generally perceive DCs in a positive manner. Describe the preferences of older adults for low back pain co-management by MDs and DCs and identify their concerns for receiving care under such a treatment model. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Primary Care and Internal Medicine – Chiropractic and Post-Surgical Care
and Care for Veterans – discussion of persistent post-surgical lower back and radicular pain
response to chiropractic care. Relevant anatomy related to lower back pain and intervertebral disc
injury was outlined and presented. Discussion and development of an integrated care pathway for
doctors of chiropractic, primary care providers, and mental health professionals who manage veterans with low back pain, with or without mental health comorbidity, within Department of Veterans Affairs health care facilities. Support for the inclusion of chiropractic care as a component of multidisciplinary health care for low back pain, as currently recommended in existing guidelines with a focus on US Service Members. Discussion of availability of chiropractic care to military healthcare systems, referral and interprofessional communication models. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Primary Care and Internal Medicine – Effects of Chiropractic Care
Combined with Medical Care, First Contact and Provider Type – differences in outcomes, patient
satisfaction, and related healthcare costs in spinal, hip, and shoulder pain patients who initiated care with medical doctors (MDs) vs those who initiated care with doctors of chiropractic (DCs). Pain of muscuoloskeletal origin and epidemiology of reduced productivity. Comparison of data on health
outcomes, patient satisfaction, and related healthcare costs in patients consulting differing first-contact care providers for musculoskeletal pain. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Primary Care and Internal Medicine – Integrating Chiropractic Care into
Primary Care and Private Sector Healthcare Facilities – suggestion of a diverse role for chiropractorswithin conventional health care facilities. Discussion of chiropractic’s effectiveness for managingmusculoskeletal disorders, particularly spine-related pain and disability. Descriptions of doctors of chiropractic who work in nongovernmental, private sector health care settings in the United States. Shared electronic health records, face-to-face informal consultations methods for interprofessional communication. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University ofNew York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, 2022.

Specialty Research in Primary Care and Internal Medicine – American College of Physicians –
Guideline Recommendations – Non-Invasive and Non-Pharmacological - American College of
Physicians (ACP) developed this guideline to present the evidence and provide clinical recommendations on noninvasive treatment of low back pain. Systematically review the current evidence on non- pharmacologic therapies for acute or chronic non-radicular or radicular low back pain. Comparative benefits of non-pharmacological therapies in acute/subacute low back pain including exercise, spinal manipulation, lumbar supports, acupuncture, laser, ultrasound and traction. Discussion of first and second line therapies with reduction in opioid prescription. National Spine Management Group, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University College of Chiropractic, ACCME Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine,2022

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Communicating with the Spine Surgeon - Detailed review of the scientific literature supporting interprofessional collaboration between the spine surgeon and the Doctor of Chiropractic was presented. Emphasis on updated needs of the spine surgeon with focus on the understanding of pre and post-surgical chiropractic care. Literature updates and documentation requirements were discussed. Specific talking points are provided for telecommunication with the spine surgeon. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Communicating with the Pain Management Physician - Review of the scientific literature supporting interprofessional collaboration with the interventional pain management physician was outlined. Updates and review of the chiropractic scientific literature in relation to pain management mechanisms of the chiropractic adjustment were presented. Documentation and interprofessional referral, communication and telecommunication talking points for daily practice was outlined. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Communicating with the Primary Care Physician - Review of literature supporting interprofessional communication at the primary care level was presented. Literature outlining interprofessional communication and the needs of the primary care physician was discussed. Efficient reporting and communication points were reviewed. Chiropractic interaction with primary care physicians from a clinical perspective were outlined with an emphasis on supportive relationships. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Communication with Physical Therapy – the untapped potential - Discussion on developing a collaborative relationship with physical therapy and its effect on outcomes and community-based care was outlined. Supportive scientific literature presenting the interaction between spinal biomechanics and supervised rehabilitative techniques was reviewed. Outcomes and interprofessional communication techniques were discussed with an emphasis on interprofessional referral and support of both professions. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Interprofessional referral and pathways - Review and outline of complete workflows for patient evaluation, documentation and triage when clinically indicated were detailed. Efficiency and accuracy of interprofessional communication was presented in terms of the needs of the patient, pain management physician, spine surgeon, physical therapist, and primary care physician. Evidence based triage workflows were discussed and detailed with emphasis on preventing unnecessary escalation of care in spine pain patients was presented. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Communicating with the Lawyer – Disc Injuries - Discussion of the medical-legal implications of injuries to the intervertebral disc was presented. Clinical correlation to mechanism of injury, objective physical examination findings, results of advanced imaging and persistent functional loss were reviewed. Medical legal discussion of anatomy of intervertebral disc herniation, degenerative bulge, annular tear, and their relationship to nerve supply in terms the legal community can understand was detailed. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Communicating with the Lawyer – AOMSI - Discussion of the medical-legal implications of injuries to the ligaments of the human spine was presented. Clinical correlation to mechanism of injury, objective physical examination findings, results of advanced imaging and persistent functional loss were reviewed. Medical legal discussion of the anatomy of spinal ligaments in the normal, degenerative, and traumatically injured spine was presented. Details of nerve supply to ligaments and the mechanism of scar tissue formation through the wound repair process was provided. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Communicating with the Lawyer – Low Speed Collisions - Discussion of the medical-legal implications of injuries sustained as a result of a low speed/impact collision resulting in minimal property damage was outlined. Clinical correlation to the low-speed mechanism of injury, objective physical examination findings, results of advanced imaging and persistent functional loss was reviewed. Medical legal discussion related to the correlation between impact forces and human spinal tolerance with particular attention being given to pre-existing degenerative spinal conditions was presented. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Anatomy of a Narrative Report – departing from gimmicks - Presentation on the flow of clinical information into the medicallegal format used by adjusters, attorneys, judges, jurors, and law clerks was provided. Key indicators of persistent functional loss such as physical examination findings, global and segmental range of motion, advanced imaging findings and results of electrodiagnostic testing were outlined. Direct discussion on where in a narrative report these findings are to be written with an emphasis on patient assessment and expert opinion. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Advanced Imaging Protocols – update of the science of MRI - Detailed review of common MRI sequences for spine imaging will be presented including T1, T2 and STIR in the sagittal and axial planes was presented. Additional sequences such as Proton Density, Diffusion Weighted and Dixon was detailed and reviewed. Particular attention were given to ordering contrast medium in a spine care practice. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Spine Care Leadership – educating the medical community - Overview of spine care leadership and the processes of creating an Evidence-Based, Patient Centered reputation in your community was discussed. Focus on structuring a medical community outreach program, what topics to include and the process of building support was detailed. This section outlined the differences between the various stakeholders in the medical community including nurses, physician assistants, physicians, and administrative support staff was discussed. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Spine Care Leadership - educating the legal community - Overview of spine leadership and the process of creating a positive medical-legal provider reputation in your community was presented. Focus on structuring a legal community outreach program, what topics to include and the process of building support was detailed. This section outlined the differences between the various stakeholders in the legal community including adjusters, paralegals, lawyers, law clerks and judges was detailed. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Compliance and Documentation – practice pitfalls 101 - Detailed review of compliance parameters within clinical documentation with emphasis on detailed efficient processes was presented. Pitfalls common to clinical practice was demonstrated with practical, office ready solutions to ensure proper workflows, compliance, and efficiency were outlined. Whole practice documentation modeling was discussed including the use of a scribe. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

National Spine Management West Conference 2022 – Updated Chiropractic Science Research - Review and discussion of 2021/2022 research supporting the chiropractic profession and the doctor of chiropractor as a spine care manager was outlined. Specific papers were presented related to the pain management, corrective, and health maintenance phases of chiropractic care. Overview of current and future research trends were demonstrated in relation to the pain management phase, corrective care phase and health maintenance phase of chiropractic management. National Spine Management Group, LLC, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Cleveland University Kansas City College of Chiropractic, 2022.

Primary Spine Care Symposium – Interprofessional Spine Care, Clinical analysis of anatomic versus biomechanical spine pain and clinical triage protocols. Relating current research trends in the Whole Spine Model of patient including normal versus abnormal sagittal curvature in the adolescent and adult spine, pelvic incidence as a parameter for sagittal balance in the human spine and current methods of assessment. Patient centered approach to Evidenced Based Spine care with a focus on diagnosis, prognosis and triage of the spine pain patient. Texas Chiropractic College Post-Doctoral Division, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Melville, NY, 2017

Primary Spine Care Symposium – Medical-Legal Documentation, The contemporary documentation required in a medical-legal environment that is evidenced based and meets the standards of the courts and academia. Utilizing the scientific data to support a diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan while meeting the admissibility standards based upon a professional’s credentials. Texas Chiropractic College Post-Doctoral Division, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Melville, NY, 2017

Primary Spine Care Symposium – Physiology and Anatomy of Spinal Manual Adjusting, Understanding the role of mechanoreceptors, proprioceptors and nociceptors with facets, ligaments, tendons and muscles in aberrant spinal biomechanics. MRI and imaging studies of decompressing via a chiropractic spinal adjustment of the bio-neuro-mechanical lesion and its effects on the central nervous system both reflexively and supratentorally. Texas Chiropractic College Post-Doctoral Division, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Melville, NY, 2017

Primary Spine Care Symposium- Connective Tissue and Spinal Disc Pathology, The morphology and pathology of connective tissue, inclusive of spinal disc disorders and prognosticating wound repair with permanency implications. Disc bulge, herniation, protrusion and extrusion classifications based upon contemporary literature and how to age-date disc pathology. Texas Chiropractic College Post-Doctoral Division, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Melville, NY, 2017

Primary Spine Care Symposium – Epidemiology of Spine Pain, Review of the current Centers for Disease Control [CDC} data on the frequency of musculoskeletal pain in the United States population with emphasis on pain of spinal origin. CDC guidelines on opioid medication were discussed and correlated to persistent pain syndromes. Research was reviewed showing the importance of managing the spine pain patient properly from the entry point of care with a concentration on maintenance of spinal biomechanics. Texas Chiropractic College Post-Doctoral Division, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Melville, NY, 2017

Evidence Based spine Care: Epidemiology of spine care, the opiod epidemic and spinal manipulation for pain mangement., Functional neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of pain perception, including descending modulation of pain in the central nervous system. Review of specific research outlining spinal manipulations influence on the central nervous system in the spine pain patient. Clinical assessment and interprofessional communications relating to the diagnosis and management of the mechanical spine pain patient. Academy of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic, Recognized by the PACE Program of the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2017

Evidence Based Spine Care: Spinal biomechanics and response to trauma. Detailed review of spinal instability, mechanical spine trauma and global spinal biomechanical balance., The influence of spinal sagittal curvature, pelvic incidence, sacral slope and pelvic tilt on conservative and surgical care outcomes. Clinical correlation with radiographic and advanced imaging findings specific to the spine pain patient. Academy of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic, Recognized by the PACE Program of the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2017

Evidence Based Spine Care: Coordination of care and clinical documentation associated with interprofessional communication. , Focus on the safety of chiropractic management of the spine pain patient and review of research related to specific phases of care, acute intervention, corrective care and health maintenance care were reviewed. Documentation and workflows related to an interprofessional team approach focusing on compliance and delivery in the modern practice environment. Academy of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic, Recognized by the PACE Program of the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2017

Primary Spine Care - Hospital and Emergency Room Care, Identifying spinal lesions inclusive of cord and root lesion through examination and advanced imaging in creating an accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan to effectively triage in collaboration and coordination with medical specialists and emergency department physicians. Differentially diagnosing and triaging disc degenerative bulges, traumatic disc bulges, protrusion herniations, extrusion herniations and fragmented herniations along with managing traumatically induced pain as sequella to degenerative disc trauma. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic, Recognized by the PACE Program of the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Melville, NY, 2016

Hospital Based Spine Care Qualified, Credentialed in hospital protocols, emergency room protocols, acute and chronic patient triage inclusive of MRI spine interpretation, spinal biomechanical engineering, head trauma, concussion, mild traumatic and traumatic brain injuries. co-credentialed through the ACCME (Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education) Joint Sponsorship with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas Chiropractic College, PACE approved by the Federation of Chiropractic Licensure Boards and the Academy of Chiropractic, Long Island, NY, 2016

Primary Spine Care - Credentials and Knowledge Base, The credentials and knowledge based from an academia perspective when cooperatively treating in a collaborative environment inclusive of understanding pathology and mechanical spine issues. Texas Chiropractic College Graduate Doctoral Program, PACE approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Primary Spine Care - Spinal Biomechanical Engineering and MRI Spine Interpretation, Integrating Spinal Biomechanical Engineering and MRI Spine Interpretation into a primary spine care model, inclusive of necessity and acquisition protocols. A comprehensive review the latest evidence in documenting mechanical issues. Texas Chiropractic College Graduate Doctoral Program, PACE approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Primary Spine Care - Hospital Administration, Triage, Clinical Requirements and Collaborative Relationships with Medical Specialists, Understanding hospital and medical specialist's care paths for mechanical spine pathology and integrating the doctor of chiropractic in the hospital and allopathic treatment protocols. Texas Chiropractic College Graduate Doctoral Program, PACE approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Primary Spine Care - Contemporary Spine Research and Documentation, Central nervous system connection and the thalamus, hypothalamus connection in both ascending and descending central pathways with neuro-endocrine implications that have the mechanisms to be a component of Schizophrenia, Dementia and Alzheimer’s with a linear relationship to the chiropractic spinal adjustment and chronic pain. Texas Chiropractic College Graduate Doctoral Program, PACE approved for the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Orthopedic Testing: Clinical Grand Rounds, How to integrate orthopedic testing in the clinical setting utilizing both simple and complex patient scenarios. It includes potential stroke, or vertebrobasilar insufficient patients and understanding the nuances in a clinical evaluation with orthopedic testing as a critical part of the evaluation and screening process. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Orthopedic Testing: Lumbar Spine, Integration of lumbar orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Orthopedic Testing: Cervical Spine, Integration of cervical orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Orthopedic Testing: Principles, Clinical Application and Triage, Integration of orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Patient Intake, History and Physical Examination, Determining the etiology of the patient's complaints in a traumatic or non-traumatic scenario. Analyzing the patient's past history and review of systems along with the performance of a completeorthopedic, neurological and clinical examination to correlate both past, current and causality issues to formulate an accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan. There is an emphasis on triaging both the trauma and non-trauma patients. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Interprofessional Hospital Based Spine Care, Trends in hospital and emergent care in the healthcare delivery system inclusive of policies, hospital staffing and current care paths for mechanical spine issues. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Spinal Trauma Pathology: Research Perspectives, The review of current literature standards in spinal trauma pathology and documentation review of biomechanical failure, ligamentous failure and age-dating disc pathology. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Trauma Pathology: Clinical Grand Rounds, The review of case histories of mechanical spine pathology and biomechanical failures inclusive of case histories, clinical findings and x-ray and advanced imaging studies. Assessing comorbidities in the triage and prognosis of the injured. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Trauma Pathology: Biomechanics of Traumatic Disc Bulge and Age Dating Herniated Disc Pathology, The biomechanics of traumatic disc bulges as sequella from trauma and the comorbidity of ligamentous pathology. Age-dating spinal disc pathology in accordance with Wolff’s Law. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Trauma Pathology: Spinal Biomechanics, Central Nervous System and Spinal Disc Nomenclature, The application of spinal biomechanical engineering models in trauma and the negative sequelae it has on the central nervous system inclusive of the lateral horn, periaqueductal gray matter, thalamus and cortices involvement. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Trauma Pathology: Ligament Anatomy and Injury Research and Spinal Kinematics, Spinal ligamentous anatomy and research focusing on wound repair, future negative sequelae of abnormal tissue replacement and the resultant aberrant kinematics and spinal biomechanics of the spine. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Trauma Pathology, Triage and Connective Tissue Injuries and Wound Repair, Triaging the injured and differentially diagnosing both the primary and secondary complaints. Connective tissue injuries and wound repair morphology focusing on the aberrant tissue replacement and permanency prognosis potential. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Full Spine Digital Analysis, Digitizing and analyzing the full spine images to diagnose pathobiomechanics as sequellae to trauma in relation to ligamentous failure and disc and vertebral pathology as sequellae. This includes anterior and posterior vertebral body elements in rotational analysis with neutral, left and right lateral bending in conjunction with gait analysis. Ligament instability/failure/pathology is identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies for analysis of pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm along with corrective guidelines. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Lumbar Digital Analysis, Digitizing and analyzing the lumbar spine images to diagnose pathobiomechanics. This includes anterior and posterior vertebral body elements in rotational analysis with neutral, left and right lateral bending in conjunction with gait analysis. Ligament instability/failure/pathology is identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies for analysis of pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm along with corrective guidelines. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cervical Digital Analysis, Digitizing and analyzing the cervical spine in neutral, flexion and extension views to diagnose pathobiomechanics. This includes alteration of motion segment integrity (AMOSI) in both angular and translational movement. Ligament instability/failure/pathology are identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies to analyze pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering & Organizational Analysis, Integrating spinal biomechanics and pathobiomechanics through digitized analysis.The comparison of organized versus disorganized compensation with regional and global compensation. Correlation of the vestibular, ocular and proprioceptive neurological integration in the righting reflex as evidenced in imaging. Digital and numerical algorithm in analyzing a spine. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Biomechanics in Trauma, To utilize whiplash associated disorders in various vectors of impact and whiplash mechanisms in determining pathobiomechanics. To clinically correlate annular tears, disc herniations, fractures, ligament pathology and spinal segmental instability as sequellae to pathobiomechanics from trauma. The utilization of digital motion x-ray in diagnosing normal versus abnormal facet motion along with case studies to understand the clinical application. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Lumbar Pathobiomechanics, Spinal biomechanical engineering of the lumbar spine. This includes the normal and pathobiomechanical movement of both the anterior and posterior motor units and normal function and relationship of the intrinsic musculature to those motor units. Nomenclature in reporting normal and pathobiomechanical findings of the spine. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cervical Pathobiomechanics, Spinal biomechanical engineering of the cervical and upper thoracic spine. This includes the normal and pathobiomechanical movement of both the anterior and posterior motor units and normal function and relationship of the intrinsic musculature to those motor units. Nomenclature in reporting normal and pathobiomechanical findings of the spine. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Spinal Biomechanical Engineering: Cartesian System, The Cartesian Coordinate System from the history to the application in the human body. Explanation of the x, y and z axes in both translation and rotations (thetas) and how they are applicable to human biomechanics. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Interpretation of Degenerative Spine and Disc Disease with Overlapping Traumatic Insult to Both Spine and Disc, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR Axial, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of degenerative spondylolisthesis, spinal canal stenosis, Modic type 3 changes, central herniations, extrusions, compressions, nerve root compressions, advanced spurring and thecal sac involvement from an orthopedic, emergency room, chiropractic, neurological, neurosurgical, physical medicine perspective. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Interpretation of Cervical Herniations, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR Axial, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar herniations. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. morphology of lumbar disc pathologies of central and lateral herniations, protrusions, extrusions, sequestration, focal and broad based herniations are defined and illustrated. Spinal cord and canal compromise interpretation with management. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Interpretation of Cervical Degeneration/Bulges, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of cervical degeneration. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. Spinal cord and canal compromise interpretation with management. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Interpretation of Lumbar Herniations, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar herniations. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. Morphology of lumbar disc pathologies of central and lateral herniations, protrusions, extrusions, sequestration, focal and broad based herniations are defined and illustrated. Central canal and cauda equina compromise interpretation with management. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Interpretation of Lumbar Degeneration/Bulges, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar degeneration. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. Central canal and cauda equina compromise interpretation with management. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Protocols Clinical Necessity, MRI slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images. Clinical indication for the utilization of MRI and pathologies of disc in both trauma and non-trauma sequellae, including bulge, herniation, protrusion, extrusion and sequestration. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Clinical Application, The clinical application of the results of space occupying lesions. Disc and tumor pathologies and the clinical indications of manual and adjustive therapies in the patient with spinal nerve root and spinal cord insult as sequelae. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Methodology of Analysis, MRI interpretation sequencing of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine inclusive of T1, T2, STIR and 3D gradient studies to ensure the accurate diagnosis of the region visualized. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Spinal Pathology, MRI interpretation of bone, intradural, extradural, cord and neural sleeve lesions. Tuberculosis, drop lesions, metastasis, ependymoma, schwannoma and numerous other spinal related tumors and lesions. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Disc Pathology and Spinal Stenosis, MRI interpretation of bulged, herniated, protruded, extruded, sequestered and fragmented disc pathologies in etiology and neurological sequelae in relationship to the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI Spinal Anatomy and Protocols, Normal anatomy of axial and sagittal views utilizing T1, T2, 3D gradient and STIR sequences of imaging. Standardized and desired protocols in views and sequencing of MRI examination to create an accurate diagnosis in MRI. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

MRI History and Physics, Magnetic fields, T1 and T2 relaxations, nuclear spins, phase encoding, spin echo, T1 and T2 contrast, magnetic properties of metals and the historical perspective of the creation of NMR and MRI. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Impairment Rating, The understanding and utilization of the protocols and parameters of the AMA Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment 6th Edition. Spine, neurological sequelae, migraine, sexual dysfunction, sleep and arousal disorders, station and gait disorders and consciousness are detailed for impairment rating. Herniated discs, radiculopathy, fracture,dislocations and functional loss are also detailed in relation to impairment ratings. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Buffalo, NY, 2016

Head Trauma, Brain Injury and Concussion, Brain and head physiology, brain mapping and pathology as a sequella to trauma. Traumatic brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury, axonal shearing, diffuse axonal injury and concussion are detailed in etiology and clinically. Clinical presentation, advanced diagnostic imaging and electrodiagnostics are detailed in analysis to create a differential diagnosis. Balance disorders that often occur as a result of trauma are also explored from clinical presentation to advanced imaging and differential diagnosis. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Medical-Legal-Insurance Documentation, Accurate and compliant documentation of history and clinical findings inclusive of functional losses, loss of activities of daily living, duties under duress and permanent loss of enjoyment of life. Prognosing static vs. stable care, gaps in care both in the onset and in the middle of passive care with a focus on detailed diagnosing. The integration of chiropractic academia, the court system and the insurance reimburser’s requirements for complete documentation. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Accident Reconstruction: Research, Causality and Bodily Injury, Delta V issues correlated to injury and mortality, side impact crashes and severity of injuries, event data recorder reports correlated to injury, frontal impact kinematics, crash injury metrics with many variables and inquiries related to head restraints. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Accident Reconstruction: Skid Marks, Time, Distance, Velocity, Speed Formulas and Road Surfaces, The mathematical calculations necessary utilizing time, distance, speed, coefficients of friction and acceleration in reconstructing an accident. The application of the critical documentation acquired from an accident site. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Accident Reconstruction: Causality, Bodily Injury, Negative Acceleration Forces, Crumple Zones and Critical Documentation, Factors that cause negative acceleration to zero and the subsequent forces created for the vehicle that get translated to the occupant. Understanding critical documentation of hospitals, ambulance reports, doctors and the legal profession in reconstructing an accident. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Accident Reconstruction: Terms, Concepts and Definitions, The forces in physics that prevail in accidents to cause bodily injury. Quantifying the force coefficients of vehicle mass and force vectors that can be translated to the occupant and subsequently cause serious injury. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Neurodiagnostics, Imaging Protocols and Pathology of the Trauma Patient, An in-depth understanding of the protocols in triaging and reporting the clinical findings of the trauma patient. Maintaining ethical relationships with the medical-legal community. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Diagnostics, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation and Triaging the Trauma Patient, An extensive understanding of the injured with clinically coordinating the history, physical findings and when to integrate neurodiagnostics. An understanding on how to utilize emergency room records in creating an accurate diagnosis and the significance of “risk factors” in spinal injury. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Crash Dynamics and Its Relationship to Causality, An extensive understanding of the physics involved in the transference of energy from the bullet car to the target car. This includes G's of force, newtons, gravity, energy, skid marks, crumple zones, spring factors, event data recorder and the graphing of the movement of the vehicle before, during and after the crash. Determining the clinical correlation of forces and bodily injury. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

MRI, Bone Scan and X-Ray Protocols, Physiology and Indications for the Trauma Patient, MRI interpretation, physiology, history and clinical indications, bone scan interpretation, physiology and clinical indications, x-ray clinical indications for the trauma patient. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Neurodiagnostic Testing Protocols, Physiology and Indications for the Trauma Patient, Electromyography (EMG), Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV), Somato Sensory Evoked Potential (SSEP), Visual Evoked Potential (VEP), Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAER) and Visual-Electronystagmosgraphy (V-ENG) interpretation, protocols and clinical indications for the trauma patient. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Documentation and Reporting for the Trauma Victim, Understanding the necessity for accurate documentation and diagnosis utilizing the ICD-9 and the CPT to accurately describe the injury through diagnosis. Understanding and utilizing state regulations on reimbursement issues pertaining to healthcare. Texas Chiropractic College, ACCME Joint Providership with the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Documenting Clinically Correlated Bodily Injury to Causality,, Understanding the necessity for accurate documentation, diagnosis and clinical correlation to the injury when reporting injuries in the medical-legal community. Documenting the kinesiopathology, myopathology, neuropathology, and pathophysiology in both a functional and structural paradigm. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic Post-Doctoral Division, Long Island, NY, 2016

Primary Spine Care – MRI, Bone Edema and Degeneration, The effects of trauma on spinal vertebral segments and the short and long term sequella to morphology. Identifying and diagnosing bone edema, spurring, types of degeneration in assessing biomechanical stability in conjunction with Modic and Pfeiffer changes. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic, Recognized by the PACE Program of the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Melville, NY, 2016

Primary Spine Care – Central Nervous System Processing of Pain and Physiology, Central neural pathways of pain and higher cortical responses to pain and the effect of high amplitude-low velocity forces on mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors. The effects of neuropeptides on the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal axis when treating patients. Texas Chiropractic College, Academy of Chiropractic, Academy of Chiropractic, Recognized by the PACE Program of the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, Melville, NY, 2016 SELECTED MEMBERSHIP National Spine Management Group 2021- Present Academy of Chiropractic 2016 - 2021 Utah Chiropractic Physician Association, Member, 1998 – 2019 SELECTED COMMUNITY SERVICE Utah Chiropractic Physicians Association, Board Member, 2004 – 2005 Business Network International, Member, 2006 – 2021 Salt Lake City, 2002 Winter Olympic Games, Chiropractor, WOA

Licensure